1. Bureaucracy theory
1.1. Max Weber (Father of modern sociology)
1.1.1. organization to be bureaucratic – division of labour is clearly expressed and objectives and activities were rationally thought
1.2. Bureaucracy should have
1.2.1. Division of labor
1.2.2. Authority Hierachy
1.2.3. Formal Selection
1.2.4. Formal Rules and Regulation
1.2.5. Impersonality
1.2.6. Career Orientation
2. Organizational Behavior Theory
2.1. studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations
2.2. Micro organizational refer to individual and group dynamics in an organizational settings and micro refer to studies whole organizations and industries
2.3. Concepts such as leadership, decision making, team building, motivation, and job satisfaction
2.4. Early Advocates of OB`
2.4.1. Robert Owen
2.4.2. Hugo MunsterBerg
2.4.3. Mary Parker Follet
2.4.4. Chester Barnard
3. Quantitative Approach
3.1. Evolved from mathematical and statistical methods developed to solve
3.2. Incoperates with analytical and numeric techniques into management method
3.3. Example of Quantitative Approach
3.3.1. Determine critical path in a production line
3.3.2. Determine percentage of items produced that have quality error
4. The system approach
4.1. Contributors by Ludwing Von Bertalanfty
4.2. An organic and open system
4.2.1. Called as subsystem
4.3. System defined
4.3.1. A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole
4.4. Basic types of system
4.4.1. Closed system
4.4.2. Open system
4.5. Implications of the system approach
4.5.1. Proper functioning of the entire organization
4.5.2. Decisions and actions taken in one area will an effect in other areas
5. Contigency Approach
5.1. Called as situational approach
5.2. No one universally applicable set of management principles (rules) by which to manage organizations
6. Scientific management
6.1. Historical background
6.1.1. Ancient Egypt (pyramids) – organization and departmentalization, human resources management and reporting.
6.1.2. Ancient China - Sun Tzu investigated for strategy and Confucius investigated for business ethics in managerial norms
6.2. Industrial Revolution
6.2.1. The term popularized by Arnold Tonybee
6.2.2. Process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing
6.2.3. Create large organization in need of management
6.3. Adam Smith
6.3.1. A Scottish philosopher and economist
6.3.2. Production and exchange - boost human productivity and other people can use their talent or skill
6.3.3. The accumulation of capital - by saving some that produce immediately that can invest in a new,dedicated, labour, saving equipment
6.3.4. Economic policy - free trade and competition
6.3.5. The role of government - government must limited with function maintaining defence,keeping order,building infrastructure and promoting education
6.4. Taylor
6.4.1. Frederick Winslow Taylor known as the begetter of Scientific Management
6.4.1.1. Increase organizational productiveness by increasing the effeciency of the production process
6.4.2. 4 principles for his theory of Scientific Management.
6.4.2.1. Develop best methodology to perform each task.
6.4.2.2. Managers should make sure that the best person is picked to perform the task and to ensure that he/she gets the best training
6.4.2.3. Managers are responsible for assuring that the best person selected for the job does it by applying the best methodology
6.4.2.4. Total responsibility for the work method should be removed from the worker and should be passed on to the management, and the employee is only responsible for the actual work performance
6.4.3. Using scientific method to define one best way
6.4.3.1. Right person with the correct tools and equipment
6.4.3.2. Standardized method
6.4.3.3. Economic incentives
7. General Administrative Theory
7.1. What managers do and what constituted good management
7.2. Represent top level management pertaining thinking and planning functions. It performs the function of formulation of vision, mission and strategies
7.2.1. Henri Fayol
7.2.1.1. Father of Administrative Management Theory
7.2.1.2. Developed a general theory of business administration that is often called Fayolism
7.2.1.3. Fayolism- a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized the role of management in organizations
7.2.1.3.1. - Make fourteen principles of management that applied to all organizational situations - Principles are flexibles and capable of adaptation to every need. - Knowing how to make use of them, which requiring intelligence, experience, decision and proportion
8. Classiccal School of Thoughts
8.1. Body of management based on belief employees have only economical,physical and social needs
8.2. Organization exist with production related and economic goals with the best way through systematic and scientific inquiry
8.3. The production also through their specialization and division of labor and organization accordance with rational economic principles
8.4. The discipline of management began to evolve as a unified body of knowledge. Rules and regulations were developed that could be taught and used in a variety of settings.
9. Time and Motion Studies
9.1. By Frank and Lilian using psychology to gain the cooperation of employees
9.2. Motion and time could be use to help find a preferential way od doing the work
9.3. This approach has applied to
9.3.1. factories
9.3.2. hospitals
9.3.3. banks