Chapter 1

1. 1 . 1 Political History Mesolithic (Middle Age Stone) - 11,000 years ago - Lived in caves and also along rivers and lakes. - Able to make earthenware - Cha Cave, Kelantan - Madai Cave, Sabah

2. 1 . 2 Tradisional Malay Politics - An actual or hypothetical compact, or agreement, between the ruled and their rulers, defining the rights and duties of each (Britannica)

3. 1 .3 The Prosperity Of Melaka The Chinese - Ties between Melaka and China during the Malay Sultanate of Melaka. - They started to come in big numbers in mid-19th century as a result of the opening of tine mines. - Mostly from Fukien, Kwangtung and Kwangsi in South China. - Consist of Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew and Hailam. The Indian - Trading in the ports in the states in Malaya and the Tamil-Islam known as the propagators of Islam during that time . - During the British occupation in Penang in 1786, Indian labourers migrated to the Island to work in sugar cane plantations and as domestic help. Indian prisoners were also brought in by the British to help construct building and roads. Mostly originated from South India. - Consist of Tamil, Malayali, Telgu and Sikh.

4. 1 . 4 Contribution Of The British The Malayan Union - Malayan Union was approved by the British Parliament on 10 October 1945. On 12 October 1945, Sir Harold MacMichael was appointed as the British representative and was assigned to procure the signatures of consent from the nine Malay Sultans. The Malayan Union was officially approved in January 1946.

5. 1 . 5 The Continuation Of Traditional Politics Elite circulation - Governing elites are directly and indirectly concerned with administration. They play highly important role and enjoy prestigious place in society. Non-Governing elites are not connected with administration but occupy such a place in society that they somehow influence the administration. - Whether particular elites stay in power or not, whether they are partially or fully replaced or not, the fact remains that they remain in vital positions and characterised the development and progress of a given society. - Aristocracy government by the best individuals or by a small privileged class. Malay supremacy -YDPA -The Malay Rulers -The special rights of Malay and Bumiputera (Article 153) Islam & Malay Language -Islam is the official religion of the Federation (Article 3) -Malay language must be used for official purposes (Article 152)