8 central aspects

1. positive dependence

2. individual responsibility

3. groups are heterogenous

3.1. skills

3.2. character

4. group members share responsibility

4.1. to organise themselves

4.2. no formal group leader

5. responsibility for progress is shared by all

6. aims of group members are

6.1. optimising the learning of each member

6.2. maintaining good work relationships

7. social competences required for cooperation are learnt directly

7.1. Leadership

7.2. Communication

7.3. Building trust

7.4. conflict management

8. the teacher

8.1. observes groups

8.2. analyses problems with cooperation

8.3. gives feedback about how well cooperation is working