1. Vietnam War (1955-1975)
1.1. Context
1.1.1. North South conflict
1.1.1.1. Japan invaded Vietnam
1.1.1.2. Ho Chi Minh formed the Vietnam Minh
1.1.2. French Indochina War
1.1.2.1. Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954
1.1.2.2. 17th parallel
1.2. The War
1.2.1. Vietnam
1.2.1.1. North
1.2.1.1.1. Ruled by the nationalist-communist Viet Minh
1.2.1.1.2. Vietnam's Independence, led by Ho Chi Minh
1.2.1.1.3. Soviet union and China assisted
1.2.1.2. South
1.2.1.2.1. Bao Dai: French “puppet"
1.2.1.2.2. Ruled by a western-backed regime headed by Ngo Dinh Diem
1.2.1.2.3. USA assisted
1.2.2. Phases
1.2.2.1. 1: Pre-American phase (1954-1961)
1.2.2.1.1. North Vietnam is backed by China and the Soviet Union, whereas South Vietnam is backed by the US.
1.2.2.1.2. In order to train and advise South Vietnam's military, the US sent advisors there.
1.2.2.1.3. John F. Kennedy began supplying the troops and government of South Vietnam with funds, equipment, and training.
1.2.2.2. 2: American involvement and escalation (1962-1969)
1.2.2.2.1. In 1962, the Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) is founded.
1.2.2.2.2. In the Gulf of Tonkin incident in 1964, North Vietnamese ships fired upon American ships.
1.2.2.2.3. In the Gulf of Tonkin resolution, Congress gave the president the power to take whatever measures are required to address present and potential threats.
1.2.2.3. 3: US withdrawal and Post-American phase (1970-1975)
1.2.2.3.1. Public opinion on the war turned negative
1.3. Effects
1.3.1. International Geopolitcal Relations
1.3.1.1. French Indochina turns to communism
1.3.1.2. America loses reputation and support globally
1.3.1.3. Improving US relations with the East after post-peace.
1.3.2. American Culture & Society
1.3.2.1. Rise of New Left and Counterculture
1.3.2.2. American perceptions of government and war
2. Korean War (1950-1953)
2.1. Context
2.1.1. Syngman Rheea & Kim-il Sung
2.1.1.1. 1948: 38 parallel
2.1.2. Contain the spread of communism
2.1.3. Feared a wider war with the USSR and China
2.1.4. Casualities
2.1.4.1. 5M people died
2.1.4.2. The Forgotten War
2.2. Major events
2.2.1. Inch'on Landing
2.2.1.1. September 15-26, 1950
2.2.1.2. Suprise North Korea and recapture Seoul
2.2.1.3. Inch'on was a risky place
2.2.1.4. Cut the supply and communication lines of KPA and cut the North Korean forces in two
2.2.1.5. Allied forces united
2.2.2. Battle of the chosing reservoir
2.2.2.1. November 26 - December 11, 1950
2.2.2.2. Northeast of the Korean peninsula
2.2.2.3. UN vs Chinese Communist Forces
2.2.2.4. First Marine Division of the U.S.X Corps.
2.2.2.5. Chineses did not achieve the objective
2.2.3. Battle of Kapyong
2.2.3.1. April 23-25, 1951
2.2.3.2. Battalion of the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry Regiment (PPCLI)
2.2.3.3. Battalion of the Royal Australian Regiment (RAR)
2.2.3.4. Deffensive buffer
2.3. Involvement of the US
2.3.1. Deployed allied nations
2.4. Involvement of the UN
2.5. Timeline
2.5.1. June 27
2.5.1.1. The UNSCR recommends the UN to provide assistance to South Korea
2.5.2. July 7
2.5.2.1. The UNSCR authorised the US to command the military forces of the UN
2.5.3. September 16-22
2.5.3.1. Seoul was recaptured by the UNC
2.5.4. November 25
2.5.4.1. Chinese People's Volunteer Army drove back the UN forces
2.5.5. November 27-28
2.5.5.1. The UNC forces are surrounded
2.5.6. November
2.5.6.1. UNC incorporated the Civil Assistance sections UNCACK
2.6. Conclusion
2.6.1. Armstrice
2.6.1.1. Brought fighting to an end
2.6.2. Integrated army in US
2.6.2.1. Blacks and whites fought toghether
2.6.3. Concept of War
2.6.3.1. Difficult for it to be limited
2.6.3.2. Anatoly Dobrynin (Soviet Ambassador)
3. Fall of the Berlin Wall (1961-1989)
3.1. Context
3.1.1. Berlin Blockade
3.1.1.1. Berlin Airlift: 1948
3.1.1.2. Te call off of the blockade: 1949
3.1.2. East Germany in Crisis
3.1.2.1. East Germans fleein to West Germany
3.1.3. Tensions and Concerns Generated
3.1.3.1. Previously divide country, clearly marked differences between the sides.
3.1.4. The partitioning of Berlin
3.1.4.1. On the one side: The Soviet Union
3.1.4.2. On the other side: United States, Great Britain and France
3.2. Building of the Berlin Wall: 13 August 1961
3.2.1. Temporary barriers
3.2.2. Replaced by a wall of concrete slabs and hollow blocks
3.2.3. The GDR government had the front entrances and ground floor windows bricked up.
3.2.4. The barriers were modified, reinforced, and further expanded, and the system of controls at the border was perfected
3.3. Fall of the Wall
3.3.1. November 9th, 1989, Gunter Schabowski, the spokesman for East Berlin's Communist Party, claimed that citizens of the GDR were free to cross the country’s borders.
3.3.2. Symbolised the end of an era for the whole world
4. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
4.1. What was it?
4.1.1. Date: October 1962
4.1.2. Duration: 13 days
4.1.3. It almost evolved into a nuclear conflict
4.1.4. The USSR put missiles in Cuba
4.1.5. The US enacted a naval blockade around Cuba
4.2. Main participants
4.2.1. Capitalist
4.2.1.1. Robert Kennedy (Secretary of State)
4.2.1.2. John F. Kennedy (US President)
4.2.2. Communist
4.2.2.1. Nikita Khrushchev (Soviet Prime Minister)
4.2.2.2. Fidel Castro (Cuban President)
4.2.2.3. Vasili Arkhipov (Soviet Subordinate)
4.3. Causes
4.3.1. Cuban revolution
4.3.1.1. Leadered by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara
4.3.2. Cold War
4.3.2.1. Conflict between the US and USSR to impose their ideology
4.3.3. Bay of Pigs invasion
4.3.3.1. US-backed invasion of the Bay of Pigs
4.3.4. Arms Race
4.3.4.1. Development of nuclear weapons by both countries
4.3.5. American missiles in Turkey
4.3.5.1. The US placed Jupiter missiles in Turkey
4.3.6. Soviet support for Cuba
4.3.6.1. The Soviet Union supported Cuba because of their ideology
4.4. Consequences
4.4.1. Setting up of the Direct Communication Link (DCL)
4.4.2. Decrease in tension between both countries
4.4.3. Sino-Soviet Split
4.4.4. No nuclear war
4.4.5. US removal of missiles in Turkey
5. Berlin Blockade (1948-1949)
5.1. Context
5.1.1. Tension between the Soviet Union and their former allies.
5.1.2. Allied powers decide to unite into a single economic unit.
5.1.3. The Soviet representative withdrew from the Allied Control Council.
5.2. What was it?
5.2.1. An attempt by the Soviet Union in 1948–1949 to compel the Western Allied countries to give up their post–World War II territories in West Berlin resulted in a global crisis.
5.2.1.1. The Berlin Airlift
5.2.1.1.1. When: 24 June 1948 - 12 May 1949
5.2.1.1.2. Access to Berlin by road and water was impossible
5.2.1.1.3. Berlin Blockade and Airlift represented the first major conflict of the Cold War.
5.2.1.1.4. There were flights to deliver food and other goods. Around 270.000 flights were needed.
5.3. Consequences
5.3.1. Prequel to the berlin wall
5.3.2. Militar and Political tension increased
5.3.3. It stoped the flow of transport
5.3.4. Shortages in west berlin supplies
6. End of the Soviet Union (1991)
6.1. USSR context timeline
6.1.1. Revolution, Civil War and Chaos
6.1.1.1. 1917-1928
6.1.2. Stalin’s Centralization, War and the 5-year Plans
6.1.2.1. 1928-1953
6.1.3. Cold War Escalation and Destalinization
6.1.3.1. 1953-1964
6.1.4. Era of Stagnation
6.1.4.1. 1965-1994
6.2. Gorbachev’s Demokratizatsiya
6.2.1. Attempt by Gorbachev to improve Soviet economy by democratizating the country.
6.2.1.1. It had 2 main reforms (both failed)
6.2.1.1.1. Glasnost
6.2.1.1.2. Perestroika
6.3. Undelying Causes
6.3.1. Economic Decay
6.3.1.1. Oil Shocks
6.3.1.2. Military spending
6.3.1.3. Third-World Industrialization
6.3.2. Afghanistan War
6.3.2.1. Huge monetary costs
6.3.2.2. Military reputation falls
6.3.3. International Reputation
6.3.3.1. Totalitarian dictatorship
6.3.3.2. Imperialism & Interventionism
6.3.3.3. Atheism
6.3.4. Ineffective Bureaucracy
6.4. Consequences
6.4.1. Fall of Communism
6.4.2. Geopolitical Rearrangements and Chaos
6.4.2.1. 15 new countries
6.4.3. US global hegemony
6.5. USSR's flag lowered for the last time
7. Space race (1957-1975)
7.1. Context
7.1.1. Communist East vs Capitalist West
7.1.1.1. The use of espionaige, intervensionism & electoral subversion worlwide to push their own influence
7.1.2. Ideological battle
7.1.3. Nuclear threat, acceleration of the Arms Race, ICBMs
7.1.3.1. They came up with the idea of sending ICBMs through space
7.2. Phases
7.2.1. 1: Early Competition (1957-1961)
7.2.1.1. Sputnik, Laika, NASA.
7.2.2. 2: Manned Missions (1961-1969)
7.2.2.1. First human to orbit Earth, orbit around moon, moon landing.
7.2.3. 3: End of the Space Race (1969-1975)
7.2.3.1. Cooperation in space development
7.3. Causes & effects
7.3.1. Aims & Intention of the Superpowers
7.3.2. Advancementes in Science and Technology
7.3.2.1. Cause: ICBMs, WW2 aerial technology advancements, increase in space exploration technology.
7.3.2.2. Effect: Satellites, space exploration.
7.3.3. Propaganda War
7.3.3.1. Propaganda to make the space race known
7.3.3.2. The Space Race as propaganda for their respective ideologies and systems
7.4. Winner?
7.4.1. US Side: USSR gave up after moon landing and the US always achieved everything the Soviets did
7.4.2. USSR Side: It was the "space" race, and the soviet got there first, so they won.
8. Warsaw pact (1955)
8.1. Eastern Bloc (1945-1955)
8.1.1. Red Army swept over during WWII
8.1.2. Post-War Iron Curtain
8.1.3. Dominated by Soviet influence
8.1.4. Forced into Communist Regimes
8.1.5. Attempts at rebellion were suppressed
8.2. NATO formed by West (1949)
8.2.1. Western Europe + US & Canada
8.2.2. Turkey joins in 1952 (direct border with the USSR)
8.2.3. Western Germany joins in 1955
8.3. Warsaw Pact is signed (1955)
8.3.1. USSR fears a repeat of 1918 & 1945
8.3.2. Weast Germany joining NATO prompts USSR to form Deffensive Alliance
8.3.3. Buffer zone against potentital Western attacks
8.4. Consolidated Soviet Control (1956 - 1988)
8.4.1. Red Army holds most of the power
8.4.2. Soviet-style Communism forced upon Eastern Europeans
8.4.3. Hungarian Revolution represed in 1956
8.4.4. Prague Spring repressed in 1968
8.5. Eastern Europe shares Soviet doctrine and technology
8.6. Dissolution of the Pact (1989 - 1991)
8.6.1. Revolutions spark across all Eastern Europe
8.6.2. Soviet SG (Gorbachev) decides to not suppress them
8.6.3. Germany is reunified and leaves the Pact
8.6.4. Communist leaders throughout Eastern Europe are overthrown
8.6.5. The Soviet Union dissolves
8.6.6. The Warsaw Pact is disbanded