CELL:THE UNIT OF LIFE

1. Cell theory

1.1. Mitthias schleiden ¹⁸³⁸(plant have a cell) Thedore sachwann¹⁸³⁹(animal have a cell,and plasma membrane) Rudolf virchow ¹⁸⁵⁵, pre-existing cells (omins cellula-e cellula)

1.1.1. Schleiden and sachwann(cell theory) 1.All living organisms composed a cell and product of cell 2. cell comes from pre-existing cells

2. Prokaryotic cells

2.1. Cell envelope and its modification

2.1.1. Ribosomes and inclusion bodies

2.1.2. Cell envelope (tightly bound three layered structure i.e., outermost layer (glycocalyx) Cell wall and plasma membrane

2.1.2.1. Bacteria classified into two groups (cell envelope) Staining procedure developed by Gram viz..., (Gram+ve>observe colour) (Gram-ve>not observe colour)

2.1.2.1.1. New Topic

2.1.2.2. New Topic

2.2. Bacteria,blue-green algae, mycoplasma,PPLLO(pleuro pneumonia like organisms)

2.3. Bacillus(rod like),coccus(shperical),vibrio(comma shaped) and spirillum(spiral)

2.4. They have cell wall surrounding cell membrane ( except in mycoplasma)

3. Single cell {unicellular organisms} Many cell{multicellular organism}

4. Genetic material (Basically naked),not enveloped by a nuclear membrane. The genomic DNA (the single chromosome/circular DNA), bacteria have small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA. {Smaller DNA are called plasmid} The plasmid DNA unique phenotypic character to bacteria Nuclear memebrane is found in eukaryotes. Eukaryotes, are found in prokaryotic cell for ribosomes. A specialised differentiated from cell membrane called mesosome> inflodings of cell membrane.

5. Unicellular organisms capable (indipendent existence) (performing the essential functions of life)

6. NUCLEUS (bound organell membranes) Ekurayotes(well defined nucleus) Prokaryotic (nucleus absent) Cytplasm (in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, semi fluid matrix, volume of cell) Organelle(eukaryotic cells have other membrane bound distinct sturcture)

6.1. Organelle like (ER,Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria,microbodies, vaculoes )

6.2. Ribosomes (non membrane bound organell: prokaryotic and eukaryotic) two organelle-chloroplast(in plants )and mitochondria, microbodies, vaculoes

6.3. Centrosome ( cell division) in animals non membrane bound organell

6.4. Mycoplasma (0.3 nano meter) Bacteria (3 to 5 nano meter) Red blood cell (0.7 nano meter) Largest single cell (Ostrich)

7. What is cell

7.1. Robert hook (oak plant, cork, dead cell)

7.2. Anton von leewenhoek (live cells), electron microscope

7.3. Robert brown (nucleus)

8. Overview of cell

9. Eukaryotic cells

9.1. Cell membrane

9.1.1. Cell wall

9.1.1.1. Endoplasmic system

9.1.1.1.1. Mitochondria

9.1.1.2. Endoplasmic reticulum

9.1.1.2.1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

9.1.1.2.2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

9.1.1.2.3. Vaculoes

9.1.1.2.4. Golgi apparatus