1. Carl Rogers - LIFE
1.1. 4th born
1.2. severe illness as a child, constantly criticised by brothers
1.3. Prolific writer - journaling and staying connected with family
1.4. Inspired by Adler's ideas on working here and now
2. Application
2.1. Emotion focused therapy
2.1.1. Clients current emotional issues are taken - bodily feeling are emphasized - deepened awareness and self-regulation
2.2. Focusing by Eugene Gendlin
2.2.1. Concept of "felt sense"
2.3. Motivational interviewing
2.3.1. identify challenges in client's path and help them set their agenda
2.4. Diagnostic and multicultural groups
3. Current use
3.1. Along with other humanistic and cognitive approaches
3.2. Career and school counseling
3.3. Group therapies
4. Evaluation
4.1. Limitation
4.1.1. Doesn't work well when the client has difficulty expressing emotions
4.1.2. Non-directive method might be new for those who want counselors to direct the approach
4.1.3. Highly demanding for the therapist
4.2. Strengths
4.2.1. Record and publish transcripts of sessions - documentation
4.2.2. Created an accessible counseling system
4.2.3. therapist transparency
5. Therapeutic alliance - Facilitative conditions
5.1. Congruence
5.1.1. Genuine and authentic
5.1.1.1. If the therapy is not productive, express to the client
5.1.2. transmit clear and coherent messages
5.1.2.1. Careful self-disclosure can illuminate the counseling process
5.1.3. inner and outer selves are consistent
5.2. Unconditional Positive Regard
5.2.1. Caring, respecting and accepting others without any conditions for clients to act, think or feel in a certain way.
5.3. Empathy
5.3.1. sensitive, active listening
5.3.2. Grasping the subjective world of other person ( internal frame of reference)
6. Person centered counseling
6.1. Criticized psychodynamics and behavioural approach for being counselor focused
6.2. client centred later became person centered
6.3. Humans have vast resources for self-understanding that can be tapped only under a climate that can porvide facilitative psychological attitude
7. Theoretical concept
7.1. BOTTOMLINE - **People are basically good and have natural tendency towards growth**
7.2. Humanism
7.2.1. people are strong and can handle their own difficulties
7.2.2. Goal - to affirm, empower and make client trust in their own ability
7.3. Human potential and Actualisation
7.3.1. innate tendency to reach one's full potential
7.3.2. Life is a journey of self-awareness and self-realisation, autonomy and self-regulation
7.4. Conditions of worth
7.4.1. self concept in children are formed by their interactions with adults
7.4.1.1. criticisms are internalised - they devalue themselves and curtail their tendency to grow
7.4.1.2. The child's worth and parent's worth should be affirmed while raising a child in any situation.
7.4.2. Our sense of worth is dependent on how others regard us
7.4.2.1. appreciative and accepting environment can create a worthy individual
7.4.2.2. Child abandons their own system and begins to accept others ways and conditions for positive regards
7.5. Organismic valuing process
7.5.1. in-built evaluation mechanism
7.5.2. Spontaneous force of knowing what they need for self-actualisation
7.5.3. organismic process comes in conflict with the need for approval
7.5.3.1. creating incongruent selves
7.5.3.2. hinders effective communication and messes relationshipd
7.6. Fully functioning person
7.6.1. BUILT-OL (acronymn)
7.7. Phenomenological perspective
7.7.1. choices stem from our perception
7.7.2. each person reacts to life in a way consistent to their reality
7.7.3. therapy depends on the awareness and acceptance of clients of their lives
8. Treatment
8.1. Providing psychological conditions that facilitate change
8.1.1. Empathy
8.1.2. Unconditional positive regard
8.1.3. Empathy
8.2. Goals
8.2.1. Facilitate people's trust
8.2.2. Enhance the ability to be in the present moment
8.2.3. Promoting self awareness, optimisn, congruence and autonomy
8.2.3.1. Build internal locus of control
8.2.4. Focus on not just the presented problem but on developing a ully functioning individual
8.3. Nondirective approach
8.3.1. client takes lead
8.3.2. Counselor is a passive recipient of client input facilitating the necessary conditions for client change