1. Religion
1.1. What is Religion
1.1.1. Religion-a set of beliefs based on a unique vision of how the world ought to be, often revealed through insights into a supernatural power and lived out in a community (Guest, 365)
1.1.2. Anthropologists have been working to develop a general definition that could be applied to all local forms of religion from the inception of the field.
1.2. Tools to Understand Religion
1.2.1. The views of nineteenth and twentieth-century social scientists Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Max Weber have had a significant impact on anthropological interpretations of religion.
1.2.2. Karl Marx: Religion as “the Opium of the People” (Guest, 390)
2. Global Economy
2.1. Economy
2.1.1. The economy is defined as a set of adaptive strategies that humans have to provide food, water, shelter
2.1.2. An aconomy can be seen as set of ideas, activities, and technologies that enables a group of humans to use the available land, resources, and labor to satisfy their basic needs and, if organized well, to thrive.
2.2. Global economy
2.2.1. Recent centuries have intensified the integration of all humanity into an interconnected global economy
3. Class and Inequality
3.1. Class
3.1.1. Class refers to a system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of the society’s resources
3.1.2. Class can be analysed using four theories of: Karl Marx: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat, Max Weber: Prestige and Life Chances, Pierre Bourdieu: Education and Social Reproduction and Leith Mullings: Intersectionality among Race, Gender, and Class
3.2. Inequality
3.2.1. Inequality exists in every contemporary culture, though it may be organized in very different ways
3.2.2. Growing global inequality affects the life chances of the world’s population on many fronts
4. Ethnicity and Nationalism
4.1. Ethnicity
4.1.1. Ethnicity is a sense of historical, cultural, and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group.
4.1.2. Anthropologists see ethnicity as a cultural construction, not as a natural formation based on biology or inherent human nature.
4.2. Nationalism
4.2.1. The desire of an ethnic community to create and/or maintain a nation- state.
4.2.2. Nationalism emerges when a sense of ethnic community combines with a desire to create and maintain a nation-state in a location where that sense of common destiny can be lived out
5. Power and Politics
5.1. Power
5.1.1. Power is often described as the ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence—either one’s own or that of a group or institution.
5.2. State
5.2.1. state as an autonomous regional structure of political, economic, and military rule with a central government authorized to make laws and use force to maintain order and defend its territory.
6. Culture
6.1. Culture Concept
6.2. Culture and Power
6.3. Culture Creation
6.4. Globalization and Culture
7. Language
7.1. What is Language
7.2. Effects of Globalization on Language
8. Anthropology for the 21st Century
8.1. What is Anthropology
8.2. Lenses of Human Culture
8.3. Globalization
9. Gender and Sexuality
9.1. Gender
9.1.1. Gender are the expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns people of different sexes.
9.1.2. "Although gender may often be regarded as affecting individuals on a personal basis anthropology illuminates how gender structures relationships of power that have far-reaching effects"(Guest 553)
9.2. Sexuality
9.2.1. Sexuality is The complex range of desires, beliefs, and behaviors that are related to erotic physical contact and the cultural arena within which people debate.
9.2.2. "exuality is more than an expression of individual desires and identities"(Guest 647).
10. Race and Racism
10.1. Race
10.1.1. Race is a flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups.
10.1.2. Race is a social construct
10.2. Racism
10.2.1. Racism are the individuals’ thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create or reproduce unequal access to power, privilege, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups.
10.2.2. Modern “Racism” is built on: Encounter of colonialism Local cultural patterns Global migration Movements of resistance