Expectancy Theory

1. Expectancy

1.1. Person's belief that working hard will achieve high task performance

1.1.1. what about concepts such as self efficacy and also think about how managers can increase the chance of

2. Instrumentality

2.1. Pay rise

2.2. Person's belief that oAn outcomes will occur as an result of task performance

2.3. Bonus

2.4. The concern for managers is to ensure that this expectation is high. what can managers do to ensure this.

3. Valence

3.1. Value a person assigns to work related outcomes

3.2. Again the concern for managers is how this can be made high. that is how can managers ensure that rewards/outcomes given to employees are valued by employees. what strategies can they use.