1. Present Simple
1.1. form
1.1.1. add "s" - he/she/it (affirmative)
1.1.1.1. I work
1.1.1.2. she works
1.1.2. auxiliary
1.1.2.1. do/does
1.1.2.1.1. negative
1.1.2.1.2. interrogative
1.2. use
1.2.1. regular actions/ habits
1.2.1.1. I always wake up at 5:30 am.
1.2.1.2. I work every day.
1.2.2. facts
1.2.2.1. The sun is yellow.
1.2.2.2. My work is near my house.
1.2.3. permanent situations
1.2.3.1. I work for a Law firm.
1.2.4. future timetables
1.2.4.1. Our train leaves at 10:00 am tomorrow.
2. Present Continuous
2.1. form
2.1.1. be + verb + ing
2.1.1.1. We are studying now.
2.1.1.2. She is having dinner.
2.1.1.3. She is playing
2.1.1.4. action in progress at the moment we are speaking
2.1.2. aulixiary
2.1.2.1. to be
2.1.2.1.1. We aren't watching TV.
2.1.2.1.2. Is Lorena sleeping noW?
2.2. use
2.2.1. action in progress around now
2.2.1.1. temporary
2.2.1.1.1. these days
2.2.1.2. I am watching a great series on TV.
2.2.2. temporary situation
2.2.2.1. He is looking for a new apartment. So he is living in a hotel.
2.2.3. future
2.2.3.1. define arrangements
2.2.3.1.1. I am visiting my friend Ana this weekend. = Ana is waiting for me.
2.2.4. don't use -ING
2.2.4.1. non-action verbs (stative verbs)
2.2.4.1.1. love, like, hate, understand, need, want
3. Present Perfect Simple
3.1. form
3.1.1. has/have + past participle of the main verb
3.1.1.1. I have visited São Paulo.
3.1.1.1.1. I haven't been to São Paulo.
3.1.1.2. She has been to São Paulo.
3.1.1.2.1. She hasn't been to São Paulo
3.1.1.3. be
3.1.2. try-tried-tried
3.1.3. buy-bought-bought
3.2. use
3.2.1. experiences
3.2.1.1. ever?
3.2.1.1.1. Have you ever flown a helicopter?
3.2.1.1.2. Have you ever climbed a mountain?
3.2.1.1.3. Have you ever tried octopus?
3.2.2. started in the past and continues up to the moment
3.2.2.1. She has studied English for 3 years.
3.2.2.1.1. for a period of time
3.2.2.2. I have been a lawyer since 2015.
3.2.2.2.1. since
3.2.3. finished action in the past with a result in the present
3.2.3.1. I have lost my keys. Now I can't get into my home.
4. Present Perfect Continuous
4.1. form
4.1.1. has/have + been + past participle
4.1.1.1. I have been working a lot.
4.1.1.2. She has been looking for a job.
4.1.2. continuous
4.1.2.1. be + verb + ing
4.1.2.1.1. present continuous
4.1.2.1.2. past continuous
4.1.2.1.3. future continuous
4.2. use
4.2.1. describe an action that started in the past and is happening until now
4.2.1.1. I have been studying since 5:00 pm.
4.2.2. how long?
5. present perfect simple & Present perfect continuous
5.1. continuous
5.1.1. temporary
5.1.2. how long?
5.2. simple
5.2.1. permanent
5.2.2. how many?
5.2.3. How many times?
5.3. I have been writing emails since 6:00 pm
5.3.1. I have written 10 emails so far.