1.1. Acetylcholine (ACh) is an excitatory neurotransmitter. Role- stimulates muscles and voluntary muscle movement, helps memory, thinking and learning functions, activates pain response and regulates endocrine secretion. Low levels of acetylcholine are involved in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. People with Alzheimer’s disease don’t have enough acetylcholine in their brains.
2. Norepinephrine (NE)
2.1. Norepinephrine (NE) can be excitatory or inhibitory and is made from dopamine. It increases alertness, arousal and attention, Constricts blood vessels, helps maintain blood pressure during stress, Affects your sleep-wake cycle, mood and memory. Norepinephrine effects processes, including stress, sleep, attention, focus, and inflammation. Low levels of norepinephrine is involved in conditions such as anxiety, mood disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
3. GABA
3.1. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter; Role- balance and regulate excitatory neurons, regulate and restrict neuroelectric activity; involved in allergies, targeted in the treatment of anxiety disorder, insomnia, epilepsy, and other conditions. In particular, these drugs alter GABAergic function by targeting the GABA-A and GABA-B receptors.
4. Dopamine (DA)
4.1. Dopamine (DA) is an excitatory neurotransmitter; Role- decision making, thinking, fine muscle movements, emotions and thoughts, It plays an essential role in brain functions, including learning, motor control, reward, emotion, and executive functions. Dopamine has also been implicated in psychiatric and neurological disorders. Disturbances in dopamine are implicated in schizophrenia, psychosis, Tourette syndrome, and ADHD. Dopamine is also related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson disease.
5. Serotonin (5-HT)
5.1. Serotonin (5-HT) is excitatory & inhibitory; Role- inhibit behavior and activity, enhances sleep, temperature regulation, pain perception and mood states. Serotonin modulates multiple neuropsychological processes and neural activity — Serotonin also may affect gastrointestinal processes like bowels, bladder control, and cardiovascular function. Low levels of serotonin have been associated with suicide.
