1. Standing up to tyranny
1.1. Chapter 35: 'Now indeed since the complete domination and rule of the courts pleases you so much... I profess that I have undertaken this; it may well be a great burden, and a great danger to myself, but nonetheless truly worthy of the application of my dilligence and vigour of my age.
1.2. To Trebonius 10.28: 'How would I have liked you to have invited me to that most beautiful feast on the Ides or March. We should have lef nothing remaining... truly the fact that this curse of the country was taken out of the way by you... makes me a little angry with you at times since you have left more trouble for me to deal with by myself than for the rest of the world together
1.3. Chapter 5: 'Nor have I ever been so afraid in this court'
1.3.1. In stating this Cicero points to the scale of corruption of tyranny and makes it clear that he is in genuine danger.
1.4. 2.18 to ATticus he bemoans the lack of free speech and explains that he feels guilty for not intervening and that noone else is doing it either. He refers to the Campanian law, and Steele says that the Optimates hated it but couldn't do anything about it
1.5. 9.4 to Atticus he asks whether it is accpetable to accept tyranny in exhange for peace or should Tyranny should always be fought with war, he fears what might happen after the Tyrant is expelled-> will the expeller become just another tyrant.
1.6. 9.11a to Caesar when Cicero wants to reconcile the pair to preventy tyranny for breaking out.
1.7. 14.4 to Atticus Cicero explains that he views the Ides of March as being a good thing
1.8. 10.6 to Plancus he states that peace must be acquired by victory not a treaty and this suggests that they must not put down their terror of Tyranny in the face of MA
1.9. 2.4 to Curio he doesn't dare write what he actually feels suggesting a lot of concern around free speech.
2. Cum Dignitae otium (Leisure with dignity)
2.1. Chapter 37: 'Hortensius will then by a consul with the highest imperium and power. I, however, will be aedile, that is little more than a private citizen. That which I promse to deliver, however, is of a nature so pleasing and agreeable to the Roman people, that in this case the onsul himself will apoear if it is possible even less than a citizen when compared to me'
2.1.1. Thinks he will hae such a powerful position due to the support that he will garner from the Roman people for his role in this trial.
2.2. To Plancus 10.6: Cicero highlights that though 'several men have been called consular, although none is regarded as consular unless they have shown true consular spirit towards the republic.' Cicero says all of this to lightly suggest that Planucus support the Republicans and effectively threatans that he is not to be a real consul if he does not do so. This shows intention to have the republic itself protected and fought for
2.3. To Atticus 9.4: Cicero asks whether or not it would be morally reprehensible for him to retire and not bother trying to save the state again as he has already done his service to Rome by doing it once.
2.4. 2.18 to Atticus Cicero states that when JC is consul Cicero feels as if libertas has been lost due to the formation of FT it is not what should be happening
2.5. To Pompey 5.7 he praises Pompey for giving hope of peace due to his great victory against mithridates
2.6. 2.11 to Caelius he discusses his fear of war with the breakdown of the Triumvirate increasing opposition between JC and the Optimates, especially now that he has joined with the Optimates
2.7. 9.11a ti Caesar he appeals to JC to pursue a policy of peace and descibrs himself as a friend of peace. He praises jC's policy of clemency and tries to broker some sort of reconciliation or at least offers himself as an unbiased mediator.
3. Protection of Roman allies
3.1. Chapter 53: ' I will not permit those wretched men, previously allies of the Roman people, now their slaves and supplicants, to lose not only their rights and fortunes by their command, but even their power to despair of their situation.
3.1.1. Cicero highlights the importance of Rome protecting her allies with him stating that he would not let the trial be delayed because it is right to protect the Sicilians from verres and his allies.
3.2. To Caelius 2.11: Cicero is in fact BORED of th provincs and has not managed to get him the Panthers-> possibly something to do with not wanting to exploit province but is unlikely
3.3. 5.7 CIcero to Pompey he states that Pompey and him being friends will be good for Rome-> this is achieved through reference to Laelius and Africanus
3.4. 8.8 to Atticus says that Pompey is cowardly for running away from Rome after causing the problem for everyone else by creating the monster of Caesar
3.5. 9.11 a to Caesar he wants JC to reconcile and to lay down his arms. This is protection of the Roman state from a civil war.
3.6. 14.4 to Atticus he tells about fear of war in Gaul and Dextus destabilising Spain.
3.7. 13.4 to ATticus he is cynical that JC will resolve the republic and bring it back to the fore.
4. Service to the state and self-promotion.
4.1. Chapter 36: 'Dince the whole senate is being pressured by wickedness and the audacity of a few, and is being threatened by the infamy of the courts, I profess that as a prosecutor, I am an enemy to this type of man, a harsh and unrelenting adersary who is to be hated.
4.1.1. Here Cicero Styles himself as a champion of the Senate and the people.
4.2. Chapter 51: 'Indeed this wickedness, which, if it is sanctioned, I promise to prosecute severely with hard work. incurring danger and enmuity to myself and if if anything should befall me then you will be able to make provisions for it
4.2.1. Shows the dedication that he has to fighting aganist the corruption of the courts and once again highlights this set of actions as creating immense personal danger.
4.3. Chapter 36 Cicero advises, then warns then threatens. This is the same formula used in Rome to declare war.
4.3.1. This positions Cicero as a Roman general, although his war is against corruption
4.4. Letter 5.7 Cicero writes to Pompey: Makes reminders to Pompey of his own recent triumph in the Catilinarian conspiracy which Pompey did not acknowledge in his own previous letter. **Tempest thinks** this is because Cicero has also opposed the Rullan Land Bill which would have benefitted Pompey's veterans whilst **Bradley **thinks** that Pompey probably just saw this as so minor as compared to his victory in the east. Either way Cicero promotes himself as a man supporting Pompey in his absence and his hope to make a 'mutual attachment and coalition between us' because both men want what is good for the state. He then reiterates his own service and compares Pompey to Scipio Africanus and himself to Laelius
4.5. Letter to Curio 2.4: Cicero states that there is no need for him to write anything of the informative kind to Curio as he will know already, he states that there is nothing he **can** say as there has been curbing of such Libertas in Rome. Cicero goes on to explain that he cannot even write a funny letter, in part because the times are so grim that he has no laughter left.
4.6. To Caelius 2.11: I have gained fame to such an extent I do not want to increase it, rather fear its reversal because it is not worthy of a man of my dignity who before can and has borne heavier burdens to serve the state'
4.7. 13.4 to Atticus it is clear that Cicero has given up in his service to the state.
5. Mos Maiorum (In the way/customs of the ancestors)
5.1. Chapter 51: 'Think who you are, in what position you are placed, what you ought to give to the Roman people, what you ought to repay to your ancestors'
5.1.1. Cicero evokes the customs of the ancestors and Rome's duty to her allies.
5.1.2. Specific referenceto the Acilian law passed by his father literally ABOUT extortion. He has to find Verres guilty
5.2. Chapter 14: states that Verres caried out sacriligeous act in taking statues. He mentison that some of these statues were returned to Sicily by Scipio Africanus in 146BC after he defeated Carthage after they had stolen them.
5.2.1. This paints Verres as having no respect for his ancestors such as Scipio and shows that unlike most Romans Verres doesn't see these statues as manifestations of the gods like the maojority of Romans do he purely sees them in the terms of his
5.3. Verres messes with the laws of inheritance
5.3.1. A violation of ancestral customs.
5.4. Letters 13.4 Mention of Brutus and how he has forgotten his pedigree 'Ahala and Brutus as Consuls'
5.4.1. This shows how the importance of one's ancestors is decreasing in the late Roman republic. These particular ancestors of Brutus were famous for standing up to tyranny, this shows that Cicero is angry that he has not stood against tyranny in the way of his ancestors.
5.5. 2.4 To Curio Cicero says that to climb the cursus honorum effectively, Curio must be a good Roman and do what he is supposed to do, serve the republic
5.6. 9.4 to Atticus Cicero questions what is right to do in this situation
5.7. 5.7 to Pompey uses the example of Scipio Africanus and Laelius to appeal to old fashioned Roman values
5.8. 10.6 to Plancus Cicero refernces to how one must act in a 'consular manner'
6. Concordia Ordinum (Harmony of the Orders)
6.1. Chapters 1-4
6.1.1. Chapter 1' The rumour is spreading, not only among thh Roman people, but also among foreign nations that in these courts as they exist now no wealthy man, however guilty he may be can possibly convicted.
6.1.1.1. The Courts must prove that they are uncorrupt before there is widespread damage to their reputation
6.1.2. Chapter 1 ' in allaying the unpopularity of your order'
6.1.2.1. Sense of how the order itself is at a moment of danger, not just the courts.
6.2. Chapters 24-early 28
6.2.1. Chapter 24: Cicero states that he doesn't have time to do anything for his OWN election as he is too busy preparing for the extortion trial to get him for bribery
6.2.2. Chapter 26: It is stated that Quintus Metelli is likely to be favourable to Verres' cause as Verres helped him to bribe the tribes to make sure that the metelli was being elected as Consul
6.2.3. Chapter 27: It is stated that in the background the Metelli aim to influence and blackmail the Sicilians and state that this is unwinabble for the prosecution so they should just give up
6.2.4. Chapter 28: Cicero states that the Metelli abus their power and then hugely upset the concordia ordinum. It is ridiculous that the Metelli who should be above all of this as one of Rome's premier families should ask Verres to help.
6.2.5. Chapter 29: Reference to a third century poet who states that teh Metelli becomes consuls by fate, but Cicero states that this is just because of Verres --> Very funny to a Roman.
6.2.6. Letter to Trebonius 10.28 'I restored the weary wilting senate to its ancient and traditional valour.'-> this shows that Cicero still thinks that it is important to have a properly functioning and powerful senate where possible.