1. Increase supply
1.1. Use of technology
1.1.1. Example: NEWater (High-grade reclaimed water)
1.1.1.1. Elaboration: Used water is treated with microfiltration, reverse osmosis and UV disinfection
1.1.2. Advantages: Safe to drink, not weather dependent, energy efficient
1.1.3. Disadvantages: Negative views towards NEWater, people unable to adapt to taste of water, complicated treatment processes
1.2. Desalination
1.2.1. Example: Tuaspring desalination plant
1.2.1.1. Elaboration:Singapore has one of asia's largest seawater reverse osmosis plants,Which produce 30 million gallons of water a day to meet 10% os singapore's water needs.
1.2.2. Advantages: allows for differing quantities of seawater to be processed according to the level of demand, it would conserve natural freshwater resources, keep the cost of water from fluctuating based on the supply and demand system
1.2.3. Disadvantages: The waste that these plants would produce would have to be dealt with and properly disposed of, There may be interruptions of service during stormy weather ,An extensive spare parts inventory must be maintained.
1.3. Water catchment
1.3.1. example:resevoirs
1.3.1.1. elaboration: the water catchment area is two thirds of singapore's land supply
1.3.2. Advantages: can store rain water, provides recreational activities such as boating and fishing, very few breakdowns
1.3.3. Disadvantages: ecosystems can be destroyed,may become useless during drought,
1.4. International agreement
1.4.1. Example: Buying water from malaysia
1.4.1.1. Elaboration: Singapore has been importing water from malaysia under 2 agreements.
1.4.2. Advantages: Convenient,
1.4.3. Disadvantages: do not last forever, depend on ties in both countries.
2. Reduce demand
2.1. Increase price of water
2.1.1. Elaboration: people who do not want to pay more will be encouraged to use less water
2.1.2. Advantage:Reduces rising costs of producing and distributing water
2.1.3. Disadvantage: Poor may not be able to afford rising costs of water
2.2. Water conservation
2.2.1. Examples: Education to public via campaigns
2.2.1.1. Elaboration: Water wastage kept to a minimum with implementation
2.2.2. Advantages: Delays the need to develop new facilities, reduces risk of future water shortage,
2.2.3. Disadvantage: Involves people making changes to their lifestyles