Chapter 3: Text

1. Text Elements  - Symbols and icons - Fields for reading (Landscape / Portrait) - HTML documents (using tags)   * Ex: <B> tag    * An advanced form of HTML is DHTML (CSS, Javascript) - Choosing text fonts

2. Bitmap vs Vector font * Bitmap font    - consist of a matrix of dots or pixels   - File size increase    - Require a lot of memory  * Vector font   - mathematical formulae   - File size smaller

3. Anti-aliasing  - Smoothing of jagged edges of drawn graphics & text to improve their readability.

4. Rasterization  - process of converting text from a vector description to a raster or bitmap description.  - when apply the Rasterization , it will appear jaggies problems.

5. Hypertext vs Hypermedia * Enable user to navigate through text in a nonlinear way.  * Hypertext    - is a text which contain links to other texts. * Hypermedia   - is a graphics, image, and especially the                 continuous media (sound & video) which contain     links. Hypermedia Structure - Navigating hypermedia structures is via buttons. - Links  - Nodes - Anchors - Used for :    ~ Electronic publishing & reference works   ~ Technical documentation   ~ Educational courseware   ~ Interactive kiosks    ~ Electronic catalogs

6. Computers & Text * Character sets   - Computer can only understand numbers    - ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)     code is the numerical representation of a character.    - Each character - 7-bit binary     (Ex: A : 1000000) Unicode character - 16-bit - For multilingual - Ex: Han Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Korean, Bengali, and so on. Extended Character Set (ISO Latin-1) - Extra 1 bit in ASCII  - Is used while programming the text of HTML pages.

7. Understanding Fonts and Typerface Typeface   - is a family of graphic characters   - Ex: Times New Romen Font   - is a collection of characters of a single size and style    - Font styles (Italic, Boldface)   - Font Terminology      * Baseline      * Cap height       * x-height      * Ascenders/descenders      * Kerning       ~ certain pairs of letters        ~ Ex: Av (Kerned)     A v (Unkerned)      * Tracking       ~ Adjustment of space for groups of letters        ~ Ex: L  o  o  s  e  --> Loose Serif                         vs              Sans serif   - decoration                                  - do not have decoration   - used for printed media                    - used for headlines &                                                           bold  statements Cases   - uppercase (Ex: A)     * Referred to as an intercap or CamelCase   - lowercase (Ex: a)

8. Font Mapping  - Used for substitution. Font Editing & Design Tools  - Creating attractive texts - Fontographer (specialized graphics editor)