"Prologue" and "Introduction"

1. significance of being Muslim in a Muslim country to choices and

2. conflicts for couples if male infertility

3. laparoscopy, semen analysis, artificial insemination,

4. ovulation-stimulating hormones, sperm stimulating hormones, IVF

5. (removal of ovum and fertilized with husband’s sperm in testube; embryo

6. transfer), ICSI (stimulation of sperm)

7. remove sin of abortion to God

8. Egypt has largest number total in Middle Eastern/North African region of IVF clinics

9. 8-12% of couples in developing countries experience infertility

10. first Muslim country to introduce family planning

11. One trial of IVF costs $3000

12. 1978 Louis Brown world’s first “test-tube” baby

13. Islamic law prohibits third party donation;

14. early arranged marriage and taboo of getting a divorce and remarrying

15. reproductive technologies are a big impact on the bodies of women

16. prohibition against abortion

17. constraints in using IRT and ICSI

18. Amira regarded her actions as a sin for which God

19. turning towards religion instead of a support group

20. Many experience secondary infertility

21. local shortages of pharmaceuticals; moral stigma against IVF prevents formation of support groups

22. Causes of pelvic infections – STD, postpartum and postabortive complications, pelvic TB, schistosomiasis, female circumcision, iatrogenic