1. The French Revolution of 1848
1.1. Jan 14 1848 the authorities banned a "banquet"
1.1.1. Had been held by 'liberal' interests
1.2. Also known as the February Revolution
1.2.1. Established the principle of the "right to work"
1.2.2. Created "National Workshops" for the unemployed
1.3. Industrial parliament established at the Luxembourg Palace
1.3.1. Under the presidency of Louis Blanc
1.3.2. Prepared a scheme for the organization of labour
1.4. June Days Uprising
1.4.1. Unsuccessful rebellion by the Paris workers
1.4.2. Against the conservatives
1.4.3. June 23 1848
1.5. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
1.5.1. Elected President of the Second Republic
1.5.2. Supported largely by peasants
1.6. Elections held on the basis of limited suffrage
1.7. February 26th
1.7.1. Provisional Government declared monarchy is abolished
2. The "Italian" Revolution of 1848
2.1. King Charles Albert
2.1.1. Ruled Piedmont-Sardinia from 1831-1849
2.1.2. Aspired to unite Italy
2.1.3. Battle of Custoza
2.1.3.1. July 24, 1848
2.1.3.2. Had to withdraw his forces from Lombardy
2.2. Revolts in states of the Italian peninsula and Sicily
2.2.1. Led by intellectuals and agitators
2.2.1.1. Desired a liberal government
2.2.2. Italian nationalists
2.2.2.1. Wanted to eliminate Austrian control
2.2.3. January 1848
2.2.3.1. "tobacco riots" in Milan
2.3. Northern Italy
2.3.1. Ruled by the Austrian Empire
2.4. Revolution led by the state of Piedmont
2.5. Daniel Manin
2.5.1. Petition to the Venetian Congregation
2.5.1.1. January 8, 1848,
2.5.1.2. Lombardy and Venetia should form a separate kingdom
2.6. Rising in Palermo on the island of Sicily
2.6.1. January 12
2.6.2. Against the absolutist King Ferdinand
2.7. Revolution broke out in Venice
2.7.1. A Venetian Republic was re-established
2.7.2. March 22, 1848
3. German Lands and Central Europe
3.1. March Revolution
3.1.1. Protests in the states of the German Confederation
3.1.1.1. Stressed pan-Germanism
3.2. Several outbreaks of revolution in early 1848
3.2.1. Had caused the Louis Phillippe to abdicate
3.2.2. Metternich was driven into exile
3.3. The Federal Diet of the German Confederation
3.3.1. March 8
3.3.1.1. Declared a revised Constitution of the German Confederation was necessary
3.3.1.2. Invited delegates of German States for Constitutional reform
3.4. Habsburg Austrian Emperor
3.4.1. Authorised a "Pillersdorf" constitution
3.4.1.1. April 25 1848
3.4.1.2. Drawn up by Minister of the Interior Franz von Pillersdorf
3.4.1.3. Placed obstacles against the pan-Germanism
3.5. Middle-class
3.5.1. Were committed to liberal principles
3.5.1.1. Liberals were forced into exile to escape political persecution
3.5.1.2. Known as Forty-Eighters
3.6. Working class
3.6.1. Sought radical improvements to their working/living conditions
3.7. Hambacher Fest of 1832
3.7.1. Symbol of the republican movement
3.7.2. Unity among the German-speaking people