1. Where did the Major Religions of the World Originate?
1.1. Intro
1.1.1. Monothiestic:
1.1.1.1. One god
1.1.2. Polytheistic:
1.1.2.1. Many gods
1.1.3. Animistic:
1.1.3.1. Trees, Mountains etc. have spirits and should be revered
1.1.4. Christianity and Islam are the two biggest religions
1.2. The World Map of Religions Today
1.2.1. Christianity and Islam are very widespread
1.2.2. Universalizing Religions:
1.2.2.1. Religions that welcome converts
1.2.2.2. Islam, Christianity
1.2.3. Ethnic Religions:
1.2.3.1. Converts aren't sought and, therefore, are more rare
1.2.3.2. Judiasm
1.3. From the Hearth of South Asia
1.3.1. Hinduism
1.3.1.1. 3rd biggest
1.3.1.2. No longer associated with its hearth
1.3.1.2.1. Pakistan
1.3.1.3. Most Indians are Hindu
1.3.1.4. Ganges river is holy
1.3.1.5. Some say mono some say poly theistic
1.3.1.6. Ethnic
1.3.1.7. Not centrally organized and doesn't have a prophet or one sacred text
1.3.1.8. Believe in Karma
1.3.1.9. Caste system:
1.3.1.9.1. Practiced in India, locking people into one social class
1.3.1.9.2. Creates many restrictions
1.3.2. The diffusion of Hinduism
1.3.2.1. Evolved in pakistan
1.3.2.2. Migrated to the Ganges river and diffused throughout south and southeast Asia until other religions dominated most of this area
1.3.2.3. Mainly dominated India
1.3.3. Buddhism
1.3.3.1. Splintered from Hinduism when there were questions about some beliefs
1.3.3.2. Founded by Buddha
1.3.3.3. Popular for a time in India and other parts of Asia
1.3.3.4. Not practiced by many in India now
1.3.3.5. Thrives in other parts of Southern and Southeastern Asia
1.3.3.6. Changed as it spread to other places
1.3.4. Shintoism
1.3.4.1. Splintered off of Hinduism because of Emperor
1.3.4.2. Practiced in Japan
1.3.4.3. Most Japanese people practice Shintoism and Hinduism
1.4. From the Hearth of Huang He River Valley
1.4.1. Taoism
1.4.1.1. Practiced in China
1.4.1.2. Founded by Lao-Tsu
1.4.1.3. Idea that Humans and nature should be as one
1.4.1.4. People, animals, and dragons became an object of worship
1.4.1.5. Started the idea of Feng Shui
1.4.1.5.1. Art and science of organizing spaces to channel the life forces in nature in good ways
1.4.2. Confucianism
1.4.2.1. Practiced in East and Southeast Asia
1.4.2.2. Founded by Confucius in China
1.4.2.3. Says that the meaning of life is in the present
1.4.2.4. Humans are more important than spirits
1.4.2.5. Mainly a philosophy of life
1.4.3. Diffusion of Chinese Religions
1.4.3.1. Went into Japan and the koreas
1.4.3.2. Is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture and therefore all attempts at smothering it have failed
1.5. From the Hearth of the Eastern Mediterranean
1.5.1. Judiasm
1.5.1.1. Founded by Abraham
1.5.1.2. Belief system of Jews
1.5.1.3. Historically filled with upheaval
1.5.1.4. Monotheistic
1.5.1.5. Hearth is in Israel
1.5.2. Diffusion of Judiasm
1.5.2.1. Diaspora:
1.5.2.1.1. When the Romans conquered and Jews were scattered
1.5.2.2. Have been persecuted without a homeland for a long time but hasn't died out
1.5.2.3. Zionism said that Jews should get a homeland
1.5.3. Christianity
1.5.3.1. Monotheistic
1.5.3.2. Branched from Judaism
1.5.3.3. Worship God, with Jesus as his son
1.5.3.4. First split into Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church
1.5.3.5. Hearth is in Israel
1.5.4. Diffusion of Christianity
1.5.4.1. Combination of expansion and relocation diffusion
1.5.4.2. Grew substantially during the colonialism age (European)
1.5.4.3. Was mainly in Europe before this
1.5.5. Islam
1.5.5.1. Monotheistic
1.5.5.2. One founder, Muhammad
1.5.5.3. Muhammad admired Abraham and Jesus but came to be known as the main prophet
1.5.5.4. Only Allah (god) is pure
1.5.5.5. No alcohol, smoking, or gamboling
1.5.5.6. Split almost immediately after Mohammad's death
1.5.5.6.1. Sunni
1.5.5.6.2. Shi'ite
1.5.6. Diffusion of Islam
1.5.6.1. Kings converted
1.5.6.1.1. Led conquests to spread the faith
1.5.6.2. Now there are many followers in India
1.5.6.3. Fastest growing major religion
1.5.7. Indigenous and Shamanist
1.5.7.1. Indigenous:
1.5.7.1.1. Local
1.5.7.1.2. Nature is a big deal
1.5.7.1.3. Usually passed down through families and tribes
1.5.7.2. Shamanism:
1.5.7.2.1. People follow their Shaman, or religious leader
1.5.7.2.2. Believe in spirits
1.5.7.2.3. Traditional religion
1.5.7.2.4. Very diverse
1.5.7.2.5. Small and isolated
1.5.8. The Rise of Secularism
1.5.8.1. Secularism:
1.5.8.1.1. Not caring about or rejecting religion
1.5.8.2. People have been abandoning organized religion
2. Field Note
2.1. The Soviet union tried to abolish religion
2.2. It didn't work
2.3. Religion is perhaps the most durable element of culture on all scales
2.4. Religion is intertwined into politics, economics, and other parts of culture
3. What is Religion, and What Role Does it Play in Culture?
3.1. Religion an language are the foundation of culture
3.2. Cultural landscape is marked by religion
3.3. Religion is proclaimed in ways of:
3.3.1. Dress
3.3.2. Personal Habits
3.3.3. Mostly by places of worship and cemeteries
3.4. Religion:
3.4.1. Diffused by expansion diffusion
3.4.1.1. Missionaries
3.4.1.2. Contageous
3.4.1.3. Hierarchal
3.4.1.4. Migration
3.4.1.5. Conquest
3.4.2. A system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities
3.4.3. Rituals of religion can affect day by day life
3.5. Secularism:
3.5.1. The indifference to, or rejection of, formal religion
3.5.2. Mostly found in Europe
4. How is Culture Seen in the Cultural Landscape?
4.1. Sacred sights of Jerusalem
4.1.1. The wailing wall, or western wall
4.1.1.1. sacred to Jews
4.1.1.2. The only part of the temple left from the second Jewish temple
4.1.2. The church of the holy sepulcher
4.1.2.1. sacred to Christians
4.1.2.2. where Christians believe that Jesus was buried and rose again
4.1.3. Pilgramage
4.1.3.1. when someone voluntarily goes to a religious site to pay respects or take part in an event for their religion
4.1.4. Dome of the rock
4.1.4.1. The place where Muslims belieVe that Muhammad arrived from Mecca and then ascended into heaven
4.1.4.2. sacred to Muslims
4.2. Landscapes of Hinduism and Buddhism
4.2.1. Religious landscapes in the U.S.
4.2.1.1. Christianity is the main religion
4.2.1.1.1. Mormon
4.2.1.1.2. catholic
4.2.1.1.3. baptist
4.2.1.1.4. Lutheran
4.2.2. Hinduism
4.2.3. The cultural landscape of Hinduism is the landscape of India, which is its main culture region
4.2.4. you will often see a crematorium near major Hindu cities.
4.2.5. Another thing you will often see is many temples and ceremonies to gods
4.3. Landscapes of Christianity
4.3.1. Christian cemeteries are full of tombstones that often represent class differences
4.3.2. Before the rise of secularism everything was done around the church whether religious or not.
4.3.3. sdsjjnodc
4.4. Landscapes of Islam
4.4.1. Beautiful ornate mosques that are the center of the city
4.5. Intro
4.5.1. sacred site:
4.5.1.1. A place or space that people infuse with religious meaning
5. What Role Does Religion Play in Political Conflicts?
5.1. Conflicts along religious borders
5.1.1. interfaith
5.1.1.1. Disputes between different religions
5.1.2. Intrafaith
5.1.2.1. disputes or boundaries between people of the same religion
5.2. Israel and Palestine
5.2.1. Interfaith
5.2.1.1. Jews against Arabs (Muslim)
5.3. Nigeria
5.3.1. Muslims are in the north, but mainly Christians in the south
5.3.2. Interfaith
5.4. Northern Ireland
5.4.1. Intrafaith
5.4.1.1. Protestant Christians against Catholic Christians
5.5. Religious Fundamentalism and Extremism
5.5.1. Fundamentalism
5.5.1.1. being very serious about religion/getting more religious
5.5.2. extremism
5.5.2.1. being violent in the name of youR religion