1. weathering rates
1.1. Rock type, structure n climate
1.2. Chemical composition of rocks
1.3. Permeability n porosity of rocks
1.4. Presence of bedding planes n fractures
1.5. Temperature
2. Factors of soil formation n development
2.1. Parent material : Bedrock, OM, old soil surface
2.1.1. Types
2.1.1.1. Residual parent material
2.1.1.2. Marine sediments
2.1.1.3. Organic deposits
2.2. Climate
2.2.1. New Topic
3. Process includes :
3.1. Consolidated mass of hard rock to the development of an unconsolidated layer of materials
3.2. Changes that occur ithin the loose materials as time passes
4. weathering : disintegrating rocks to form soils
4.1. Physical
4.1.1. By agent such as temperature, H2O, wind
4.1.2. Continuous expansion and contraction of rocks by heating and cooling cycle that cause stress to rocks
4.1.3. Freezing n thawing : expansion of H2O to split minerals n rocks
4.1.4. Grinding reactions : Friction / rubbing moving rocks n soil particles against other weather by H2O,ice,wind,gravity / soil mixing in very effective disintegration
4.2. Chemical
4.2.1. Decomposition of rocks by the chemical breakdown of minerals
4.2.2. Causes minerals to dissolve n make changes in their structure, cause easier fragmentation
4.2.3. Includes changes in chemical composition of matter itself
4.2.4. Dissolution : Occur when rocks and/or minerals are dissolved by H2O
4.2.4.1. Dissolved material transported away leaving a space in the rock
4.2.4.1.1. Example :
4.2.5. Hydrolysis : Occur when primary minerals react with H2O to form other products
4.2.5.1. Hidrogen ions in H2O replace other ions in the minerals
4.2.5.1.1. Hydrogen ions rapid chemical weathering
4.2.5.2. Carbonic acid ionizes into Hydrogen and Bicarbonate
4.2.6. Oxidation : Addition n combination of O2 dissolved in soil H2O n present in atmosphere.
4.2.6.1. Active in the presence of moisture n resullts in hydrated oxides
4.2.7. Reduction : Removal of O2 and is the reverse of oxidation .