1.1. Define the term, database, and explain how a database interacts with data and information
1.2. Define the term, data integrity, and describe the qualities of valuable information
1.3. Discuss the terms character, field, record, and file
1.4. Describe file maintenance techniques and validation techniques
1.5. Differentiate between a file processing approach and the database approach
1.6. Discuss the functions common to most database management systemsDescribe characteristics of relational, object‐oriented, and multidimensional databases
1.7. databasesExplain how to access Web databasesIdentify database design guidelines and discuss the responsibilities of database analysts and administrators
2. File Processing Versus Databases
2.1. File processing system•Each department has its own set of files•Used for many years•Have data redundancy•Isolate data
2.2. Database approach•Programs and users share data•Reduce data redundancy•Improve data integrity•Share data•Allows easier access•Reduces development time•Can be more vulnerable
3. Database Management Systems
3.1. A data dictionarycontains data about each file in the database and each field in those files
3.2. A DBMS provides several tools that allow users and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the database
3.3. A query languageconsists of simple, English‐like statements that allow users to specify the data to display, print, or store
3.4. Query by example(QBE) provides a GUI to assist users with retrieving data
3.5. A formis a window on the screen that provides areas for entering or modifying data in a database
3.6. A report generatorallows users to design a report on the screen, retrieve data into the report design, and then display or print the report
3.7. A DBMS provides means to ensure that only authorized users access data at permitted times
4. Relational, Object‐Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases
4.1. A data modelconsists of rules and standards that define how the database organizes data
4.2. •A relational databasestores data in tablesthat consist of rows and columns –Each rowhas a primary key –Each columnhas a unique name •A relationshipis a link within the data
4.3. Structured Query Language(SQL) is a query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data
5. Database Administration
5.1. •Employees should learn how to use the data in the database effectively –Interact with database –Identify new data for the database –Maintain the database
6. Databases, Data, and Information
6.1. Database Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
6.2. Data•Collection of unprocessed items•Text•Numbers•Images•Audio•Video
6.3. Information•Processed data•Documents•Audio•Images Video
6.4. Database software,often called a databasemanagement system(DBMS), allows users to Create a computerized databaseAdd, modify, and delete dataSort and retrieve dataCreate forms and reports from the data
6.5. •Data integrity identifies the quality of the data •Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) points out the accuracy of a computer’s output depends on the accuracy of the input
7. The Hierarchy of Data
7.1. Data is organized in layers –Files, records, fields, characters
7.2. A characteris one byte –Numbers, letters, space, punctuation marks, or other symbols
7.3. A fieldis a combination of one or more related characters –Field name –Field size –Data type
8. Maintaining Data
8.1. File maintenancerefers to the procedures that keep data current
8.2. Users add new records to a file when they obtain new data
8.3. Users modify a record to correct inaccurate data or update old data
8.4. When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes it from a file
8.5. Validationcompares data with a set of rules or values to find out if the data is correct
9. Web Databases
9.1. Databases on the Web allow you to:-Shop for products or services -Buy or sell stocks -Search for a job -Make airline reservations -Register for college classes -Check semester grades
9.2. It is important to have a carefully designed database
10. Summary
10.1. How data and information are valuable assets to an organization
10.2. Methods for maintaining high‐quality data
10.3. Assessing the quality of valuable information
10.4. Advantages of organizing data in a database
10.5. Various types of databases
10.6. Roles of the database analysts and administrators
