1. Part of the sentence that modifies or complements the verb, adjective or other adverb
2. They often end in "ly"
3. Answer questions such as
3.1. How, when, where, why, to what extent and how often.
4. Adverbs modify adjectives and also modify other adverbs
4.1. Example: A very cold day - How cold was it? Very cold. The word "very" modifies the adjective "cold".
5. Types of adverb
5.1. ADVERBS OF MANNER
5.1.1. These modifiers explain how something is done.
5.1.2. Example: carefully, slowly.
5.1.2.1. Example in sentence
5.1.2.1.1. He opened the box quickly
5.1.2.1.2. He smacked her rigorously
5.1.3. We find adverbs of manner most often at the end of a clause
5.1.3.1. After a verb: You spoke persuasively
5.1.3.2. After an object: You described everything persuasively
5.1.3.3. After an adverbial: You describe everything to the board persuasively
5.1.4. You can change the position of the adverb for stylistic reasons that add emphasis
5.1.4.1. Before the subject: Slowly, she arose from the bed and began her day
5.1.4.2. Before a verb: She slowly and carefully, took the fragile glass object from the shelf and put it on the table
5.1.4.3. Between an object and an adverbial: She put the glass bowl carefully into the cupboard
5.2. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
5.2.1. These adverbs tell us how frequently we do things or how often things are done.
5.2.2. Example: always, usually, never.
5.2.2.1. Example in sentence
5.2.2.1.1. She never cleans the house
5.2.2.1.2. They don't always participate in discussions
5.2.3. Two auxiliary verbs: Place an adverb of frequency in between two auxiliary verbs.
5.2.3.1. Example: They would often visit us when we were growing up.
5.2.3.2. Example with "To be"
5.2.3.2.1. They were always the strongest students in the class
5.2.3.2.2. Is he often this late?
5.2.4. Front and end sentence positions
5.2.4.1. For emphasis, adverbs such as sometimes, usually, often and occasionally can be placed at the end or the beginning of an independent clause
5.2.4.1.1. Example
5.3. ADVERBS OF RELATIVE TIME
5.3.1. These adverbs give us information about when an action took place or an occurrence of an event in relation to another point in time
5.3.2. Examples: just, afterward, soon, currently, presently, recently.
5.3.2.1. Example in sentece
5.3.2.1.1. He is currently studying in Canada
5.3.2.1.2. They're just leaving
5.3.2.1.3. I'll be home soon
5.3.3. Use before the main verb or between two auxiliary verbs.
5.3.3.1. Example
5.3.3.1.1. I just returned home
5.3.3.1.2. They just left
5.3.3.1.3. I have just been looking for this
5.3.4. Afterward and soon
5.3.4.1. Use these adverbs at the end of a clause
5.3.4.1.1. Example
5.3.5. Currently, recently and presently can
5.3.5.1. Are placed at the end of a main clause
5.3.5.1.1. Example: She's trying to finish reading the book currently
5.3.5.1.2. Come between two auxiliary verbs
5.3.5.2. Go in front of a main verb
5.3.5.2.1. I'll presently be going to the store
5.3.5.3. Are placed at the beginning of a clause more formal written English
5.3.5.3.1. Example: Presently, she stood up and left the room
5.3.6. Special adverbs
5.3.6.1. Already, still and yet
5.3.6.1.1. Where in the sentence?
5.3.6.2. The meaning of these is determined by context
5.4. ADVERBS OF QUANTITY
5.4.1. Give the reader information about quantity
5.4.2. Examples: A lot, a little, much
5.4.3. Sentence position
5.4.3.1. Usually at the end of a clause
5.4.3.1.1. Example
5.5. FOCUSING ADVERBS
5.5.1. Single out information, express restriction or refer back to something
5.5.2. Each adverb has its own rules about what kinds of words it can be used with and where it comes in the sentence.
5.5.3. Examples: even, particularly, especially, specifically, merely, only, just, also, either, purely, too.
5.5.3.1. More examples: Even, only and also
5.5.3.1.1. The sentence position is flexible, and the position of each of these words in a sentence will change its meaning
5.5.3.1.2. Usually, they are placed before the item they are qualifying
5.5.3.1.3. Even: this word indicates surprise
5.5.3.1.4. Only: Used to express restriction
5.5.3.1.5. Also: This word adds information
5.6. ADVERBS AS ATTITUDE MARKERS
5.6.1. Interpret events or convey our beliefs towards them and serve as adverbs of manner
5.6.2. Examples: Apparently, hopefully, naturally, clearly
5.6.3. The position in the sentence is flexible
5.6.4. Example in sentence
5.6.4.1. I'll call you, naturally
5.6.4.2. Clearly, you can't take direction
5.6.4.3. Hopefully, they will arrive tomorrow
5.6.4.4. They'll be there, hopefully
5.6.4.5. Obviously, no one else cared either
5.6.4.6. You'll naturally want your money back
5.7. ADVERBS OF PLACE
5.7.1. Tells about where something happens or where something is
5.7.2. Examples: Here, everywhere, near, nearby, down, away, backwards, upwards
5.7.3. Example in sentence
5.7.3.1. There was somebody standing nearby
5.7.3.2. Is that your scarf there?
5.7.3.3. I’ve lived here for about two years
5.7.3.4. The sun’s going down and it’ll be dark soon
5.8. ADVERBS OF DEGREE
5.8.1. Shows how much, or in what degree or to what extent of qualities, properties, states, conditions and relations
5.8.2. Examples: Almost, fully, rather, quite, too, enough, perfectly.
5.8.3. Example in sentence
5.8.3.1. I am fully prepared
5.8.3.2. I am rather bus
5.8.3.3. She’s almost 30
5.8.3.4. The two situations are quite different
5.9. ADVERBS OF AFFIRMATION AND NEGATION
5.9.1. Answers that something is true or some equivalent negative statement
5.9.2. Examples: Certainly, surely, apparently, obviously, no, undoubtedly.
5.9.3. Example in sentence
5.9.3.1. Surely you are mistaken
5.9.3.2. The design certainly looks good on paper
5.9.3.3. He is undoubtedly the best swimmer in the team