1. 6.Poverty in the time of covid 19
1.1. COVID-19 to Add as Many as 150 Million Extreme Poor by 2021
1.1.1. Global extreme poverty is expected to rise in 2020 for the first time in over 20 years as the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic compounds the forces of conflict and climate change, which were already slowing poverty reduction progress, the World Bank said today.
1.1.2. The COVID-19 pandemic is estimated to push an additional 88 million to 115 million people into extreme poverty this year, with the total rising to as many as 150 million by 2021, depending on the severity of the economic contraction. Extreme poverty, defined as living on less than $1.90 a day, is likely to affect between 9.1% and 9.4% of the world’s population in 2020, according to the biennial Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report. This would represent a regression to the rate of 9.2% in 2017. Had the pandemic not convulsed the globe, the poverty rate was expected to drop to 7.9% in 2020.
1.1.2.1. The World Bank Group, one of the largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries, is taking broad, fast action to help developing countries strengt
1.1.2.2. hen their pandemic response. We are supporting public health interventions, working to ensure the flow of critical supplies and equipment, and helping the private sector continue to operate and sustain jobs. We will be deploying up to $160 billion in financial support over 15 months to help more than 100 countries protect the poor and vulnerable, support businesses, and bolster economic recovery. This includes $50 billion of new IDA resources through grants and highly concessional loans
1.1.3. The report also finds that many of the new poor will be in countries that already have high poverty rates. A number of middle-income countries will see significant numbers of people slip below the extreme poverty line. About 82% of the total will be in middle-income countries, the report estimates.
1.2. "Poverty in the time of covid 19"
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2. 3.Natural Resources
2.1. "Natural Resources"
2.1.1. google
2.2. Natural resource - Wikipedia
2.2.1. Natural resources are resources that exist without any actions of humankind. This includes all valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest and cultural value. On Earth, it includes sunlight, atmosphere, water, land (includes all minerals) along with all vegetation, and animal life
3. 4.As World’s Population Booms, Will Its Resources Be Enough for Us?
3.1. As World’s Population Booms, Will Its Resources Be Enough for Us?
3.1.1. As a result of this massive expansion of our presence on Earth, scientists Ehrlich, John Holdren, and Barry Commoner in the early 1970s devised a formula to measure our rising impact, called IPAT, in which (I)mpact equals (P)opulation multiplied by (A)ffluence multiplied by (T)echnology.
3.1.2. The IPAT formula, they said, can help us realize that our cumulative impact on the planet is not just in population numbers, but also in the increasing amount of natural resources each person uses. The graphic above, which visualizes IPAT, shows that the rise in our cumulative impact since 1950—rising population combined with our expanding demand for resources—has been profound.
3.1.3. IPAT is a useful reminder that population, consumption, and technology all help shape our environmental impact, but it shouldn’t be taken too literally. University of California ecologist John Harte has said that IPAT ". . . conveys the notion that population is a linear multiplier. . . . In reality, population plays a much more dynamic and complex role in shaping environmental quality."
3.1.4. One of our biggest impacts is agriculture. Whether we can grow enough food sustainably for an expanding world population also presents an urgent challenge, and this becomes only more so in light of these new population projections. Where will food for an additional 2 to 3 billion people come from when we are already barely keeping up with 7 billion? Such questions underpin a 2014 National Geographic series on the future of food.
3.1.5. As climate change damages crop yields and extreme weather disrupts harvests, growing enough food for our expanding population has become what The 2014 World Food Prize Symposium calls "the greatest challenge in human history."
3.2. "Sufficient resources for the population"
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4. 7.Breaking the Poverty Trap by Investing in Healthcare
4.1. Breaking the Poverty Trap by Investing in Healthcare - BORGEN
4.1.1. Many theories have been proposed for why certain people, households and regions find themselves in total destitution. Investing in healthcare is one way to help break the poverty trap.
4.1.2. Previous studies have found that foreign aid for healthcare purposes boosts life expectancy and decreases child mortality in developing countries. Economic aid can and should be used effectively for the purpose of promoting local development and empowering domestic resources to include investing in healthcare as a primary goal
4.1.3. The researchers collected economic and disease data — including financial costs associated with treating and preventing diseases, incidences of disease and mortality levels — from 83 developed and undeveloped countries. They used the framework of mathematical models to discover how economic, disease and ecological factors affect poverty.
4.1.4. They found that in areas where diseases were not prevalent, people could still lift themselves out of poverty either on their own or with limited economic assistance. However, in places where diseases were widespread and could not be combated effectively, investing in healthcare remained even more necessary.
4.2. "Breaking the Poverty Trap by Investing in Healthcare"
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5. 10.SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY TO GET US TO 2030
5.1. "SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY TO GET US TO 2030"
5.1.1. google
5.2. 7 Solutions to poverty that will get us to 2030 | Concern Worldwide US
5.2.1. There are some key solutions to poverty that are key to making this goal a reality. Here are the top 7.
5.2.2. 1.EQUALITY AND REPRESENTATION FOR ALLBUILDING RESILIENCE — CLIMATE AND OTHERWISE
5.2.3. 2. BUILDING RESILIENCE — CLIMATE AND OTHERWISE
5.2.4. 3. …BUT ESPECIALLY FOCUSING ON CLIMATE CHANGE
5.2.5. 4. INCREASE ACCESS TO EDUCATION
5.2.6. 5. IMPROVE FOOD SECURITY AND ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER
5.2.7. 6. END WAR AND CONFLICT
5.2.8. 7. EMBRACE CASH AND MICROFINANCE
6. My map is based on the analysis of the aspects related to "allowing access to basic services and natural resources to the poorest population" - for this reason I focused my attention on defining what are the: basic services and resources natural resources, if there are enough natural resources for the whole world population, the presence of the poverty trap, how to fight it, obligation to fight poverty by 2030, poverty threatened even more by Covid-1'9, how to fight poverty through organizations and where the poorest population in the world is located
7. World Vision Works
7.1. access to basic resources for the poor
7.1.1. google
8. 1.Basic Services
8.1. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-01-04-01.pdf
8.1.1. The following key concepts were defined to support the indicator in the context of poverty eradication. Basic Services refer to public service provision systems that meet human basic needs including drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, energy, mobility, waste collection, health care, education and information technologies.
8.1.2. Access to basic services implies that sufficient and affordable service is reliably available with adequate quality.
8.2. "access to basic services"
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9. 2. Poverty Overview
9.1. The newest and most immediate threat to poverty reduction, COVID-19, …
9.1.1. Global extreme poverty is expected to rise in 2020 for the first time in over 20 years as the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic compounds the forces of conflict and climate change, which were already slowing poverty reduction progress.
9.1.2. But many people who had barely escaped extreme poverty could be forced back into it by the convergence of COVID-19, conflict, and climate change. A “nowcast” (preliminary estimate) for 2020, incorporating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, projects that an additional 88 million to 115 million people will be pushed into extreme poverty, bringing the total to between 703 and 729 million.
9.1.3. The newest and most immediate threat to poverty reduction, COVID-19, has unleashed a worldwide economic disaster whose shock waves continue to spread. Without an adequate global response, the cumulative effects of the pandemic and its economic fallout, armed conflict, and climate change will exact high human and economic costs well into the future.
9.2. "
9.2.1. "Poverty Overview"
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10. 5.The Poverty Trap
10.1. "the poverty trap"
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10.2. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/poverty-trap
10.2.1. Definition: Poverty trap is a spiraling mechanism which forces people to remain poor. It is so binding in itself that it doesn't allow the poor people to escape it. Poverty trap generally happens in developing and under-developing countries, and is caused by a lack of capital and credit to people.
10.2.2. Description: Poverty trap can be broken by planned investments in the economy and providing people the means to earn and be employed. A series of poverty alleviation programs can be enforced to raise individuals out of poverty by providing monetary aid for a period of time.
10.2.3. But if the plan fails, people will become dependent on such programs forever and may even go deeper down in the poverty spiral. However, poorer countries find this to be difficult, leading to the over-exploitation of natural resources and land.
11. 9.Activities to combat poverty
11.1. Breaking the Poverty Trap
11.1.1. As noted in previous columns, the primary problem in most impoverished places is low food productivity, typically as a result of dependence on irregular rainfall rather than irrigation; on weak and easily weathered soils; and often on steeply mountainous, degraded land. The second problem is a heavy burden of disease. The tropics, especially in Africa, are home to lethal and debilitating diseases that are nonexistent or easily controlled in temperate zones. Malnutrition also raises the disease burden markedly. The third obstacle is physical isolation. Many impoverished states are landlocked, with no easy access to sea-based trade. And even countries with seaports can face extreme transport problems because of mountainous terrain, large inland populations and overall remoteness from world trade routes.
11.1.2. Geographic factors do not change easily. Yet programs of targeted investments by outside sources can break poverty traps at surprisingly low cost. Begin by focusing investments on raising food security and agriculture productivity; enable farmers to gain access to fertilizers, high-yield seeds, small-scale water management technologies and improved livestock management. The result can be a rapid boost in food production and farm incomes, commonly called a green revolution. Africa is primed for such a breakthrough, if donors support it.
11.1.3. The tropical diseases, especially malaria, worm infections and many other water-borne and insect-borne diseases, are readily preventable and often completely treatable. What is needed is a supply chain of crucial commodities, the construction and availability of primary health units in rural areas, and trained village health workers. The results can be dramatic, with a sharp drop in child mortality and a rapid uptake of family planning in as little as a few months.
11.1.4. World Relief is an international Christian humanitarian organization working to overcome poverty, injustice and violence. It brings restoration and healing to millions of world’s most vulnerable categories through programs in economic development, peace keeping, health and child development and refugee and immigration services.World Relief partners up with churches and communities in more than 20 countries to provide relief and help those suffering rebuild their live. The organization is based in the US, but has offices worldwide, which are supported by churches, foundations and individual donors. So far, World Relief has reached around seven million beneficiaries with the help of 75.000 volunteers who are actively engaged in reaching their communities. It brings together local leaders and pastors to discuss challenges their communities face and provides them with tools to improve their livelihoods.
11.1.5. Investments in infrastructure can break economic isolation. Such improvements include all-weather roads, power grids that reach rural areas, wider cellular phone coverage, and even broadband Internet services obtained through fiber-optic cables or satellite connections. Linking formerly remote villages to regional and world markets enables them to earn much more cash income through sales of agricultural commodities, processed goods and services.
11.1.6. The Earth Institute at Columbia University, in partnership with the United Nations and the nongovernmental organization Millennium Promise, is putting targeted investments to work in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
11.2. Breaking the Poverty Trap
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12. 8 Organizations Dedicated to Fight Poverty
12.1. "voluntary associations that help poor populations to have access to basic resources"
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12.2. 25 Organizations Dedicated to Fight Poverty | Human Rights Careers
12.2.1. Oxfam International
12.2.2. Oxfam International is a global development organization mobilizing the power of people against poverty. It serves as an international confederation consisted of 19 organizations that work together with local communities in around 90 countries.Oxfam International fights for a world in which an opportunity is not a privilege, but a right for everyone and in which human rights can be claimed.
12.2.3. The Organization for Poverty Alleviation and Development
12.2.4. OPAD acts internationally by offering a variety of services directed towards eradicating poverty. The organization implements many projects of poverty eradication in developing countries by using tools such as education, economic development, health promotion and income redistribution. It also advocates for equal rights to economic resources amongst men and women and works with small-scale food producers, such as women, indigenous groups, family farmers and pastoralists, to improve their income and sources of livelihood. It supports local initiatives by promoting self-reliance amongst women, men and youth in poor countries.
12.2.5. Concern Worldwide
12.2.6. Concern Worldwide is an international humanitarian organization working to free the world from poverty, fear and oppression. It intervenes in the world’s poorest countries and helps the most vulnerable people. The ultimate goal of the organization is to end extreme poverty. Concern Worldwide has, thus, been working for over 50 years with the world’s poorest people to transform their lives. Its team is comprised of 3.500 professionals coming from 50 countries, and who, each year, work with 25 million underprivileged people.
12.2.7. End Poverty Now
12.2.8. End Poverty Now (EPN) is a Canadian NGO that passionately works on advocating for hungry, needy and politically under-represented people across the world. The organization is dedicated to alleviating poverty globally operating through grassroot projects and educational initiatives. The mission of the EPN is to partner with other organizations to support communities in need, fund sustainable community initiatives and educate and raise awareness of economic and social issues related to poverty.
12.2.9. World Relief
13. 11.PLACEMENT OF THE MOST POOR WHO DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES
13.1. "the number of people in extreme poverty"
13.1.1. google