Indus Valley Civilisation (1)

1. Discovery

1.1. R D Banerjee and Dayaram Sahani 1922

2. Sources to study about it

2.1. Mainly archaeological

2.2. seals and other written materials remain undeciphered

3. Important Sites

3.1. Harappa (Pakistan)

3.2. Mohenjodaro (Pakistan)

3.3. Lothal, Dholvira (Gujarat)

3.4. Kalibangan (Rajasthan)

4. Decline and reasons for it

4.1. attacked by invaders

4.1.1. Aryan invasion

4.2. natural calamities

4.3. epidemics

4.4. drying of river bodies

4.5. climate change

5. Town planning

5.1. well planned

5.2. good roads

5.3. importance to hygiene

5.3.1. Great bath

5.3.2. wash rooms in each house

5.3.3. special care taken for sanitation

5.4. one or two storey houses

5.5. City divided into 2 parts

5.5.1. citadel

5.5.2. lower city

6. Social and Economic Life

6.1. farming in villages

6.2. trade and related activities in cities

6.3. scholars, artisans, traders, businessmen

7. Political Life

7.1. No clear Records are available

7.2. type of government may be rulers and people elected them

7.3. no signs of armies and warfare traced in remains