1. Issues and Challengers
1.1. A tight labour market and rising cost of production
1.2. Small and uneconomic land holding
1.3. Competition for land
1.4. Dependence on imported raw materials
1.5. Low participation of private sector
1.6. Problem of labour
1.7. Global competition and requirements
1.8. Shrinking acreage of land under agriculture
1.9. Low productivity and low income
1.10. Insufficient reserach and development
1.11. Exports constrains
1.12. Horizontal diversification
1.13. Bureaucracy , land development and financing
1.14. Infrastructure development
1.15. Multiplicity of organizations
1.16. Institutional and social problems
1.17. Food security
2. National Agricultural Policy 1 ( Nap 1 ) (1984-1991)
2.1. Introduced in 1984 to modernized and revitalize the agricultural sector.
2.2. Objectives
2.2.1. Maximize income through optimal use of resources in the sector
2.2.2. Increase the food production for local markets.
2.2.2.1. Paddy
2.2.2.2. Vegetables
2.2.2.3. Fruits
2.2.2.4. Poultry
2.3. Strategies
2.3.1. New land development by FELDA , RISDA and FELCRA.
2.3.2. In-situ agricultural development
2.3.3. Support services
2.3.4. Social and institutional development
2.3.5. Private sector participation
2.4. Performance of NAP1
2.4.1. Agricultural sector grew by 4.6%
2.4.2. Vegetables increased by 4%
2.4.3. Beef production increased by 1.9%
3. National Agricultural Policy 2 ( Nap 2 ) (1992-1997)
3.1. Objectives
3.1.1. Maximize income through optimal use of resources
3.1.2. Achieve a balanced development between the agricultural and manufacturing sectores , promote agro-industrial integration
3.1.3. Enhance integration of the sector with the rest of the economy
3.1.4. Achieve balanced development between the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors
3.1.5. Attain a higher level of food industry development on a sustainable basis.
3.1.6. Achieve a wider and more effective representation and participation of the Bumiputera community
3.1.7. Accelerate the transformation of the sector into a dynamic and commercialized sector.
3.2. Strategies
3.2.1. Optimization of resources used
3.2.2. Acceleration of agro-based industrial development
3.2.3. Enhancement of Research and Development ( R&D )
3.2.4. Encouraging greater participation of private sector
3.2.5. Restructuring of marketing approaches
3.2.6. Promoting farmers' institutions
3.2.7. Developing Human resources development
3.2.8. Improving food production
3.3. Performance of NAP2
3.3.1. Increase in the total value from RM11.9 billion in 1985 to RM16.2 billion in 1995
3.3.2. Contribution to employment decreased from 31.3% in 1985 to 36.7% in 1995
4. National Agricultural Policy 3 ( Nap 3 ) (1998-2010)
4.1. Objectives
4.1.1. Enhance food security
4.1.2. Increased productivity and competitiveness
4.1.3. Private sector investment
4.1.4. Enhance exports of domestic food production
4.1.5. Deepend linkages with other sectors
4.1.6. Reduced dependency on imports
4.1.7. Ventures into frontier areas
4.1.8. Efficient utilization of natural resources
4.2. Strategies Approach
4.2.1. Agroforestry Approach
4.2.1.1. To address the increasingly scarce resources of land and raw material
4.2.1.2. Agriculture and forestry are viewed as mutually compatible and complementary
4.2.2. Product-based Approach
4.2.2.1. To reinforce and complement the cluster-based agro-industrial development via
4.2.2.1.1. Strengthening inter- and intra-sectoral linkages
4.2.2.2. Emphasizes the satisfying of the specific needs of niche mmarket and consumers worldwide
4.3. Performance of NAP3
4.3.1. Decreased to 7.4 % in GDP 2010
5. Developement of Agricultural Sector
5.1. Pre-independence Period (1800-1957)
5.1.1. 1) Played a prominent role in the Malaysian economic development
5.1.2. 2) Tin and rubber were the two main commercial commodities
5.2. Post-independence Period (1958-1970)
5.2.1. 1) The focus of agriculture development in the First Malaya Plan (1956-1960)
5.2.2. 2) The Second Malaya Plan (1961-1965)
5.2.3. 3) On 1966-1970 was on the industrial crops of rubber and oil palm for the export market
5.2.4. 4) On 1957-1970 crop diversification helped moved from heavy reliance on natural rubber
5.2.4.1. Oil Palm
5.2.4.2. Timber
5.2.4.3. Cocoa and pepper
5.3. New Economic Policy (NEP) Period (1971-1990)
5.3.1. 1) Focusing on smallholding agricultural development
5.3.2. 2) Need to intensify development in the agricultural sector
6. Contributing & Importance of Agricultural Sector
6.1. Contribution to
6.1.1. The growth of GDP
6.1.2. Employment and exports
6.1.3. Improved balance of trade.
6.2. To ensure food security & self-sufficiency
6.3. Provides a strong base for the development of downstream industries
6.4. Agro-biotechnology era can contribute to
6.4.1. Innovations
6.4.2. Cost reductions
6.4.3. Productivity improvement
6.4.4. New processes
6.4.5. New products
6.5. Increase the per capita income of rural people
6.6. Control the prices of food and lower down the inflation rate
6.7. Agricultural development can promote agro-tourism
6.8. Opportunities for farmers to diversify into high-value crops with greater deman potential
6.9. Diversifying and shielding the economy from external shocks.
6.10. Interrelated with industrial development
6.11. Increasing relevance and impact of agriculture and agri-food Supply Chain Management (SCM)
6.11.1. In regional
6.11.2. National
6.11.3. Global supermarket
7. National Agro-Food Policy (2011-2020)
7.1. Objectives
7.1.1. Offer food security
7.1.2. Transform the agro-food industry into a competitive and sustainable industry
7.1.3. Raise income of agro-based entrepreneurs
7.2. Strategies
7.2.1. Assurance of national food security
7.2.2. Increase contribution of the agro-food industry
7.2.3. Complete value chain
7.2.4. Develop human capital
7.3. Performance of NAP3
7.3.1. Decreased to 7.4 % in 2010
8. Survival Strategies
8.1. Needs to be transformed
8.1.1. 21st Century Village
8.2. Technology , mechanization , automation and economies of scale must be accelerated
8.2.1. Increase the use if ICT in agricultural sector.
8.3. Malaysia needs to :
8.3.1. Develop agricultural-industrial capabilities and high-value products
8.3.2. Improve the global competitiveness of new agriculture
8.4. The govermenet must :
8.4.1. Ensure food security objectives under NAP3 are met
8.4.2. Develop rural areas
8.4.3. Encourage private sector investment