1. Energy Exchange
1.1. Mitochondria
1.2. Chloroplast
1.2.1. Chloroplast
1.2.1.1. Structure
1.2.1.1.1. Double membrane
1.2.1.1.2. DNA
1.2.1.1.3. Chlorophyll
1.2.1.2. Function
1.2.1.2.1. Photosynthesis
1.2.1.3. Location
1.2.1.3.1. Plant Cells
1.2.1.3.2. photosynthetic protists
2. Extracellular Matrix
2.1. Function
2.1.1. physical maintenance.
2.2. Structure
2.2.1. non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network composed of collagens.
2.3. Location
2.3.1. homotypic cells at their lateral borders.
2.3.2. heterotypic cells at their basal borders.
3. Cytoskeleton
3.1. Microtubules
3.1.1. Structure
3.1.1.1. Hollow cylinders
3.1.1.1.1. Made up of repeating protein
3.1.2. Function
3.1.2.1. Has organzied components of cytoskeleton
3.1.2.1.1. Gives shape to many cells
3.1.3. Location
3.1.3.1. Adjacent to the nucleus
3.1.3.1.1. Located in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells
4. Peroxisome
4.1. Function
4.1.1. oxidation
4.1.1.1. breaks down fatty acid and amino acids
4.1.1.1.1. detoxify poisons
4.2. Location
4.2.1. Located in cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells
4.2.1.1. mainly near endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
4.3. Structure
4.3.1. small and round, enclosed by a single membrane
4.3.1.1. made up of phospholipid bilayer
5. Cell Wall
5.1. Structure-Consists of a Middle lamella, Primary cell wall, and secondary cell wall.
5.2. Function-To provide support and rigidity to the cell.
5.3. Location-The cell wall is located on the outside of the cell. The cell wall is a barrier that surrounds the cell.
6. Mitochondria
6.1. Structure
6.1.1. Mitochondria have an inner and outer membrane, with an inter-membrane space between them.
6.2. Function
6.2.1. The powerhouse of cell
6.2.1.1. To generate large quantities of energy
6.3. Location
6.3.1. The fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm)
7. Structure
7.1. small and round
7.1.1. enclosed by single membrane
7.1.1.1. lipid bilayer
8. Genetic Instructions
8.1. Nucleus
8.1.1. Function
8.1.1.1. Controls and regulates activities in the cell
8.1.2. Location
8.1.2.1. Found in middle of cells
8.1.3. Structure
8.1.3.1. nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and nucleolus
8.2. Ribosomes
8.2.1. Structure
8.2.1.1. rRNA
8.2.1.2. protein
8.2.2. Function
8.2.2.1. protein synthesis
8.2.3. Location
8.2.3.1. nuclear envelope
8.2.3.2. rough ER
8.2.3.2.1. secreted proteins, intermembrane proteins
8.2.3.3. cytoplasm
8.2.3.3.1. proteins that stay in cell
8.2.4. *** non membrane bound so not an organelle
9. Endomembrane System
9.1. nuclear envelope
9.1.1. Nuclear Envelope
9.1.1.1. Structure
9.1.1.1.1. The Nuclear envelope is made up of two lipid bi-layer membranes, an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane.
9.1.1.1.2. contains ribosomes and is continuous with the Rough ER
9.1.1.2. Function
9.1.1.2.1. It is a barrier separating nuclear processes such as transcription from cytoplasmic processes such as translation
9.1.1.2.2. some protein synthesis here
9.1.1.3. Location
9.1.1.3.1. Located on the inside of the inner layer of the nuclear membrane
9.1.1.4. Image
9.2. endoplasmic reticulum
9.2.1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:
9.2.1.1. Smooth er is found in the liver due to it's role in detoxification
9.2.1.2. Is also responsible for detoxification of harmful chemicals
9.2.1.3. - Is responsible for synthesis of carbohydrates, production lipids and steroid hormones
9.2.1.4. location
9.2.1.4.1. next to rough ER
9.2.1.5. calcium ion storage
9.2.2. rough endoplasmic reticulum
9.2.2.1. - Has few or more ribosomes on it's cytoplasmic reticulum
9.2.2.2. structure-is made of sheets that extend across the cytoplasm, studded with ribosomes that give it the name rough
9.2.2.3. function
9.2.2.3.1. site of secreted proteins synthesis
9.2.2.3.2. site of transport vesicle synthesis
9.2.2.3.3. membrane factory for the cell
9.2.2.4. location-it is adjacent to the cell nucleus.
9.3. Golgi apparatus
9.3.1. structure
9.3.1.1. it is made up of multiple stacked pouches called cisternae
9.3.1.2. sided, meaning one side (cis) is where things come in and the other side (trans) where things leave
9.3.2. Function
9.3.2.1. is a membrane organelle for trafficking and modification of proteins and lipids
9.3.3. Location
9.3.3.1. It can be found in eukaryotic cells.Is is in the cytoplasm near the nucleus and by the smooth ER
9.3.4. called the warehouse of the cell
9.4. lysosomes
9.4.1. Structure: Fluid and enzymes encompassed in a sphere with a lipid bilayer
9.4.1.1. Function: Digestion of macromolecules and recycling of worn-out organelles
9.4.1.1.1. Location: Absent in prokaryotes, but present in animal and some plant cells next to the Golgi apparatus
9.5. Vacuoles
9.5.1. Structure: a small cavity or space in the tissues of an organism containing air or fluid
9.5.1.1. Function: help sequester waste products from the cell
9.5.1.1.1. Location: within the cytoplasm of a cell
9.6. vesicles and vacuoles
9.6.1. Vesicles -Its structure is a self contained structure consisting of fluid or gas surrounded and enclosed by an outer membrane called the lipid bilayer
9.6.1.1. -Its function can help transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste materials. Also destroy toxic substances and pathogens to prevent cell damage and infection.
9.6.1.1.1. -Located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus