1. geographical concepts
1.1. place
1.1.1. a place is a part of the Earths surface that is identified and given a meaning by people
1.1.2. places can be natural (shaped by the environment and largely unchanged by people) or built (constructed by humans)
1.2. space
1.2.1. space refers to the way things are arranged on the Earths Surface
1.2.2. geographers look for patterns in the way features and structures are arranged
1.3. environment
1.3.1. the living and non-living components and elements that make up an area
1.3.2. some are natural or physical
1.3.3. others have been changed so largely by humans
1.3.3.1. largely for settlement and economic activity
1.3.3.2. very few natural features remain. these are known as built human environments
1.4. interconnection
1.4.1. geographers use this concept to better understand links between people and places and how these interconnection affect the environment and the way they live
1.4.2. natural processes link places and people
1.4.3. links between places and people and places can affect the way people live
1.5. sustainability
1.5.1. the ongoing capacity of the Earth to maintain all life
1.5.2. developing ways to ensure Earths resources to be used and managed responsibly so they can me maintain for future generations
1.5.3. oil
1.5.3.1. coal
1.5.3.1.1. natural gases
1.5.4. wind
1.5.4.1. forest
1.5.4.1.1. renewable
1.6. change
1.6.1. help us understand what is happening around us and to see the world as a dynamic place
1.6.2. change in both time and space allows geographers to examine how environments develop, transform and disappear
1.7. scale
1.7.1. used to guide geographic inquires large or small
1.7.2. some things that affect a whole country such as a sever drought, would involve a study at the national scale
2. challenges to food security
2.1. water scarcity
2.1.1. the lack of access to enough safe water
2.1.1.1. drinking water
2.1.1.2. cleaning
2.1.1.3. growing crops
2.1.2. world population is growing, so the management of water is even more cultural
2.1.3. competition for water can lead to shortages when there is not adequate water, food security is put at risk
2.2. climate change
2.2.1. long term changes in weather events and patterns world wide
2.2.2. effects including rising global temperatures and changes in level of rainfall
2.2.2.1. effect sustainability of agricultural production
2.2.3. may cause more frequent droughts or floods in some regions
2.3. threats from non-native plants, animals and insects
2.3.1. these can have a disastrous effect as it can develop into a situation where food security is put at risk
2.4. competition for land
2.4.1. food security may come under threat by people or corporations who want to use lands for other purposes than growing crops
2.4.2. less land is available to grow food if these are used for lands
2.4.2.1. houses
2.4.2.2. golf courses
2.4.2.3. mines
2.5. the use of land for fuel instead of land
2.5.1. one of the biggest threats is the growth in the amount of crops used to feed cars not people
2.5.2. biofuels are fuels that are produced or partly produced by some types of plants
2.5.3. developed to reduce carbon emission
2.6. armed conflicts
2.6.1. have the protentional to effect the food security of entire regions and may even result in famine
2.6.2. food may be stolen from the local people by armed forces
2.6.3. land use for growing crops may be destroyed
2.6.4. the young men who would normally tend fields my go off to fight
3. climate types
4. Continental- Areas that are very far away from the sea, climate is the continental with long cold winters and short hot summers
4.1. Mediterranean- Hot dry summers and cooler wet winters.
4.2. Temperature- that is what we have in the UK summers and mild winters and to cold
4.3. tropical-hot and humid this is where you will find your rainforests
4.4. arid-There are arid or dry climates-you’ll find in the desert
5. Climate
5.1. climate is the weather conditions in an area in general or over a long period of time.
5.2. climate is not the same as weather climate is a trend that does not change as much.
5.3. latitude affects climate by the position of the sun.
6. biomes
6.1. Scientist have developed the term biome to describe areas on the Earth with similar climate, plants, animals.
6.2. the plants and animals that live in a specific biome and physically well adapted for that area
6.3. plants and animals that live is a specific biome share similar characteristics with other plants and animals in the biome throughout the world
7. Food security
7.1. where all people in the state have access to safe nutritious food at all times
7.2. three factors
7.2.1. food availability
7.2.1.1. people have enough food of appropriate quality available on a consistent basis
7.2.1.2. production
7.2.1.3. storage
7.2.1.4. disturbance
7.2.1.5. many countries have strategies in places to maximize their food availability and ensure food security
7.2.2. food accessibility
7.2.2.1. physical and economic access to food
7.2.2.2. there needs to be enough food available and it must be in reach for those who need it.
7.2.3. knowledge and resources to use food appropriately
7.2.3.1. using food safely and applying knowledge about nutrition, clean water, and sanitation when preparing food
8. mapping
8.1. continents
8.1.1. Australia
8.1.2. Africa
8.1.3. South America
8.1.4. North America
8.1.5. Asia
8.1.6. Europe
8.1.7. Antarctica
8.2. oceans
8.2.1. Pacific
8.2.2. Indian
8.2.3. Artic
8.2.4. Sothern
8.2.5. Atlantic
8.3. Alpha- numeric grid
8.3.1. A grid with letters up the top and numbers down the side
8.4. area reference
8.4.1. Area and Grid References use the numbers listed on the northings and eastings as a way of referring to particular grid boxes
8.5. bolts
8.5.1. Boarder
8.5.2. Orientation
8.5.3. Legend
8.5.4. title
8.5.5. Scale
8.6. physical and cultural features
8.6.1. physical
8.6.1.1. naturally occurring features
8.6.2. Cultural
8.6.2.1. man made features
8.7. latitude
8.7.1. the lines going North to South
8.8. longitude
8.8.1. The lines going West to East
8.9. Compass
8.9.1. North
8.9.2. south
8.9.3. East
8.9.4. West