1. The adverb phrase
1.1. key word - adverb + modifying words
1.2. 3 main types of adverbs
1.2.1. Adjunct
1.2.2. Disjunct
1.2.3. Conjuncts
1.3. Functions like an adverb - modifies verbs that answer questions 'How? When? Where? Why? To what extent? Under what conditions? Also describes/modifies adjectives, other adverbs & prepositional phrases
1.3.1. Modifier of adjective
1.3.2. Modifier of another adverb
1.3.3. Modifier of prepositional phrase
1.3.4. Modifier of a verb
1.4. E.g. quite often, very frequently, rather awkwardly, soon enough
2. The verb phrase
2.1. Key words - main verb + one /more auxiliary verb
2.2. E.g. has done, has been doing, may come, may have been offended, etc.
2.3. Functions
2.3.1. The same main function as verb element
2.3.2. indicate - the future
2.3.3. negative
2.3.4. passive
2.3.5. progressive
2.3.6. conditional
2.3.7. perfective
2.3.8. emphasis in the sentence
3. The noun phrase
3.1. key word-noun + modifying word(s)
3.2. e.g., my old friend, our English teacher, your lesson, etc.
3.3. All the functions as a noun
3.3.1. subject
3.3.2. direct object
3.3.3. indirect object
3.3.4. subject compliment
3.3.5. object compliment
3.3.6. prepositional compliment
3.3.7. appositive
3.3.8. noun pre-modifier
4. The adjective phrase
4.1. Key word - adjective + modifying word(s) (before or after an adj.)
4.2. E.g. very happy, good enough, easy to please, quite comfortable, etc.
4.3. Functions like adjectives - modifies nouns & pronouns
4.3.1. Attributive adjectives - before the noun
4.3.1.1. used attributively
4.3.2. Predicate adjectives - completes the meaning of a verb
4.3.2.1. used predicatively
4.3.3. Post-modifiers - immediately after a noun/pronoun
4.3.3.1. used to post-modify
4.3.4. As nouns - head of a noun phrase
4.3.4.1. used as head noun
5. The prepositional phrase
5.1. Key words - preposition + noun phrase
5.2. E.g. for the man, to her, at the beach, about what he experienced, etc.
5.3. Functions
5.3.1. As an adverbial phrase
5.3.2. As an adjective
5.3.3. As complement of a verb
5.3.4. As complement of an adjective