1. Acute leukemia
1.1. blasts cell
1.1.1. only in bone marrow N <20%
1.1.2. pathological
1.1.2.1. inc. no of blasts
1.1.2.2. blasts in blood
2. Quantitative
2.1. LEUCOCYTE
2.1.1. Leucocytosis
2.1.1.1. increased TWBC
2.1.1.2. >4.5 - 11 x10^9
2.1.1.3. Bacterial infection
2.1.2. Leucopenia
2.1.2.1. decreased TWBC
2.1.2.2. <4.5 - 11 x10^9
2.1.2.3. Viral infection
2.2. GRANULOCYTE
2.2.1. Granulocytosis
2.2.1.1. increased of granulocytes
2.2.1.1.1. Neutrophilia
2.2.1.1.2. Basophilia
2.2.1.1.3. Eosonophilia
2.2.2. Agranulocytopenia
2.2.2.1. decreased of granulocytes
2.2.2.1.1. Neutropenia
2.3. LYMPHOCYTE
2.3.1. Lymphocytosis
2.3.1.1. increased in lymphocytes
2.3.1.1.1. infections
2.3.1.1.2. allergic drug rxn, hyperthyroidism, splenectomy, serum sickness
2.3.2. Lymphocytopaenia
2.3.2.1. decreased in lymphocytes
2.3.2.1.1. AIDS
2.3.2.1.2. hypersplenism
2.4. MONONUCLEAR CELLS
2.4.1. Monocytosis
2.4.1.1. Infection
2.4.1.1.1. TB
2.4.1.2. malignant disease
2.4.1.2.1. Hodgkins Disease (HD)
2.4.1.2.2. Non Hodgkin Disease (NHL)
3. Qualitative
3.1. MORPHOLOGICAL
3.1.1. Congenital
3.1.1.1. Pelger-Huet anomaly
3.1.1.1.1. Bilobed, unsegmented
3.1.1.1.2. autosomal dominant = uncommon
3.1.1.2. Neutrophil hyper-segmentation
3.1.1.2.1. rare, autosomal dominant condition
3.1.1.2.2. fxn is normal
3.1.1.3. May-Hegglin anomaly
3.1.1.3.1. neutrophils contains basophilic inclusion of RNA
3.1.1.3.2. ass. leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, giant platelet
3.1.1.4. Alder's anomaly
3.1.1.4.1. granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes contain granules
3.1.1.4.2. purple in Romanowsky stain
3.1.2. Acquired
3.1.2.1. toxic granulation
3.1.2.1.1. dark purple cytoplasmic granules
3.1.2.2. Dohle granulation
3.1.2.2.1. small oval inclusion in peri. cytoplasm
3.1.2.2.2. pale blue - Wright's stain
3.1.2.2.3. remnants of free ribosomes
3.1.2.3. hypersegmented neutrophils
3.1.2.4. myelodysplasia
3.1.2.4.1. pseudo-pelger cells
3.2. FUNCTIONAL
3.2.1. Chediak-Higashi syndrome
3.2.1.1. Autosomal recessive disorder
3.2.1.2. giant granules in granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes
3.2.1.2.1. depressed migration/chemotaxis, degranulation and bactericidal axt
3.2.1.3. neutropenia = recurrent infxn
3.2.1.4. Tx= BMT (Bone Marrow Transplant)
3.2.2. Chronic granulomatous disease
3.2.2.1. X-linked/ autosomal recessive
3.2.2.2. inability to generate anti-microbial oxygen metabolites (can ingest but cannot kill)
3.2.2.2.1. = recurrent pyogenic infxn
3.3. IMMUNODEFICIENCY
3.3.1. Primary
3.3.1.1. B-cell antibody def.
3.3.1.2. T-cell
3.3.1.3. T and B cell
3.3.2. Secondary
3.3.2.1. AIDS
3.3.2.2. myeloma
3.3.2.3. CLL