1. Head and Neck
1.1. Facial Expression
1.1.1. Scalp/Brow: Occipitofrontalis
1.1.1.1. Occipitalis
1.1.1.1.1. Retract: Scalp
1.1.1.2. Frontalis
1.1.1.2.1. Elevates: Brow
1.1.1.2.2. Draw Forward: Scalp
1.1.2. Oral Region:
1.1.2.1. Orbicularis oris
1.1.2.1.1. Encircles: Mouth
1.1.2.1.2. Protrudes: Lips
1.1.2.1.3. Closes: Lips
1.1.2.2. Levator labii superioris
1.1.2.2.1. Elevates: UL
1.1.2.2.2. Everts: UL
1.1.2.3. Depressor labii inferioris
1.1.2.3.1. Draw Down: LL
1.1.2.3.2. Draw Lateral: LL
1.1.2.4. Risorius
1.1.2.4.1. Draw Up: < of Mouth
1.1.2.4.2. Draw Lateral: < of Mouth
1.1.2.5. Zygomaticus major
1.1.2.5.1. Draw Up: < of Mouth
1.1.2.5.2. Draw Lateral:< of Mouth
1.1.2.6. Zygomaticus minor
1.1.2.6.1. Elevates: UL
1.1.3. Orbital/Nasal Region:
1.1.3.1. Nasalis
1.1.3.1.1. Widens Nostrils
1.1.3.2. Orbicularis oculi:
1.1.3.2.1. Closes eyes
1.1.3.2.2. Tear flow across eye ~ Aid
1.1.3.2.3. Sphincter of the eyelids
1.1.4. Mental/Buccal Region:
1.1.4.1. Mentalis
1.1.4.1.1. Elevates:
1.1.4.1.2. Protrudes: LL
1.1.4.2. Buccinator
1.1.4.2.1. Compresses: Cheek against teeth/gums
1.1.4.2.2. Retracts: Cheek
1.1.4.3. Platysma
1.1.4.3.1. Draw Downward:
1.1.4.3.2. Opening mouth wide ~ Aid
1.2. Mandible Movement
1.2.1. Temporalis
1.2.1.1. Retracts: Man
1.2.1.2. Elevates: Man
1.2.1.3. Lateral Excursion: Man
1.2.1.4. Medial Excursion: Man
1.2.2. Masseter
1.2.2.1. Elevation: Man(1)
1.2.2.2. Protraction: Man
1.2.2.3. Retraction: Man
1.2.2.4. Lateral Excursion: Man
1.2.2.5. Medial Excursion: Man
1.3. Neck Muscles
1.3.1. Hyoid muscles
1.3.1.1. Suprahyoid
1.3.1.1.1. Digastric
1.3.1.2. Infrahyoid
1.3.1.2.1. Fix the hyoid from below-> allows suprahyoids to open the mouth
1.3.2. Pharyngeal constrictors
1.3.2.1. Drive food into esophagus
1.4. Head Movement
1.4.1. Neck Flexors
1.4.1.1. Sternocleidomastoid
1.4.1.1.1. Bilateral:
1.4.1.1.2. Unilateral:
1.4.1.2. Scalenes
1.4.1.2.1. Bilateral:
1.4.1.2.2. Unilateral:
1.4.2. Neck Extensors
1.4.2.1. Trapezius
1.4.2.1.1. Depress: Scapula (apex of shoulder)
1.4.2.1.2. Elevate: Scapula (apex of shoulder)
1.4.2.1.3. Retracts: Scapula
1.4.2.1.4. Lateral Rotation: Scapula
1.4.2.1.5. Fix: Scapula & Sholder
1.4.2.1.6. Extend: Neck
1.4.2.1.7. Lateral Flexion: Neck
1.4.2.2. Splenius capitis/cervicis
1.4.2.2.1. Uniateral:
1.4.2.2.2. Bilateral:
1.4.2.3. Semispinalis capitis/cervicis
1.4.2.3.1. Extend: Head
1.4.2.3.2. CR: Head
2. Trunk
2.1. Breathing
2.1.1. Diaphragm: INSPIRATION(1)
2.1.1.1. Contracts
2.1.1.1.1. Compress: Abdominal Viscera
2.1.1.1.2. Childbirth and waste expulsion ~ Aid
2.1.2. External intercostals
2.1.2.1. SCALENES FIX RIB 1
2.1.2.1.1. Elevate: Rib 2-12
2.1.2.1.2. Protract: Rib 2-12
2.1.3. Internal intercostals
2.1.3.1. Intercartilaginous Part: Inspiration
2.1.3.1.1. Elevate: Ribs ~ Aid
2.1.3.1.2. Expand: Thomactic Cav ~ Aid
2.1.3.2. Interosseous Part: Expiration
2.1.3.2.1. Compress: Thoractic Cavity via:
2.2. Abdominal Wall Muscles
2.2.1. Anterior Wall
2.2.1.1. Oblique
2.2.1.1.1. Bilateral: for external and internal
2.2.1.1.2. Unilateral:for external
2.2.1.1.3. Unilateral: for internal
2.2.1.2. Transversus abdominis
2.2.1.2.1. Compress: abdominal organs {allows:}
2.2.1.3. Rectus abdominis
2.2.1.3.1. Flex: Lumbar vertebral column region
2.3. Pectoral Girdle Muscles
2.3.1. Anterior Group
2.3.1.1. Pectoralis minor
2.3.1.1.1. With serratus anterior:
2.3.1.1.2. With other musc
2.3.1.2. Serratus anterior
2.3.1.2.1. With pectoralis minor
2.3.1.2.2. Protract: Scapula
2.3.1.2.3. FIx: Scapula
2.3.1.2.4. Elevate: Apex of shoulder (via rotating scapula) ~ Aid
2.3.2. Posterior Group
2.3.2.1. Trapezius
2.3.2.1.1. Depress: Scapula (apex of shoulder)
2.3.2.1.2. Elevate: Scapula (apex of shoulder)
2.3.2.1.3. Retracts: Scapula
2.3.2.1.4. Lateral Rotation: Scapula
2.3.2.1.5. Fix: Scapula & Sholder
2.3.2.1.6. Extend: Neck
2.3.2.1.7. Lateral Flexion: Neck
2.3.2.2. Levator scapulae
2.3.2.2.1. Elevate: Scapula (IF CERVIC. VERT FIXED)
2.3.2.2.2. Lateral Flexion: Neck (IF SCAPULA FIXED)
2.3.2.2.3. ~
2.3.2.2.4. ~
2.3.2.3. Rhomboid minor/major
2.3.2.3.1. ~
2.3.2.3.2. Fix: Scapula
3. Shoulder and Upper Limb
3.1. Humerus Movement
3.1.1. Axial Muscles
3.1.1.1. Pectoralis major
3.1.1.1.1. Flex: Humerus
3.1.1.1.2. Adducts:Humerus
3.1.1.1.3. Medial Rotation: Humerus
3.1.1.1.4. Deep Inspiration ~Aid
3.1.1.2. Latissimus dorsi
3.1.1.2.1. Adducts:Humerus
3.1.1.2.2. Medial Rotation: Humerus
3.1.1.2.3. Extends: Shoulder joint
3.1.1.2.4. Misc
3.1.1.2.5. Aids in extreme breathing functions *see note*
3.1.2. Scapular Muscles
3.1.2.1. Deltoid
3.1.2.1.1. Anterior Fibers:
3.1.2.1.2. Lateral Fibers:
3.1.2.1.3. Posterior Fibers:
3.1.2.2. Teres major
3.1.2.2.1. Extend: Humurus
3.1.2.2.2. Medial Rotation: Humerus
3.1.2.3. Coracobrachialis
3.1.2.3.1. Flex: Arm
3.1.2.3.2. Medial Rotation: Arm
3.1.2.3.3. Fix: Resists arm deviation *see note*
3.1.3. Rotator Cuff
3.1.3.1. Supraspinatus
3.1.3.1.1. Abduction: Arm ~ Aids deltoid
3.1.3.1.2. Fix: Resists humeral head slip *see note*
3.1.3.2. Infraspinatus
3.1.3.2.1. Lateral Rotation: Humerus
3.1.3.2.2. Fix: humeral head slip "see note*
3.1.3.3. Teres minor
3.1.3.3.1. Lateral Rotation: Humerus
3.1.3.3.2. Fix: humeral head slip "see note*
3.1.3.4. Subscapularis
3.1.3.4.1. Medial Rotation: Humerus
3.1.3.4.2. Fix: humeral head slip "see note*
3.2. Forearm Movement
3.2.1. Bellies in Arm (Brachium)
3.2.1.1. Brachialis
3.2.1.1.1. Flex: Elbow(1)
3.2.1.2. Biceps brachii
3.2.1.2.1. Supinates: Forearm (rapid/forceful)
3.2.1.2.2. Flex:
3.2.1.2.3. Fix: Long Head Tendon stabilizes shoulder
3.2.1.3. Triceps brachii
3.2.1.3.1. Entend: Elbow
3.2.1.3.2. Long Head:
3.2.2. Bellies in Forearm (Antebrachium)
3.2.2.1. Brachioradialis
3.2.2.1.1. Flex: Elbow
3.2.2.2. Anconeus
3.2.2.2.1. Extend: Elbow
3.2.2.2.2. Fix: control ulnar movement
3.2.2.3. Pronator
3.2.2.3.1. Pronator teres
3.2.2.3.2. Pronator quadratus(1)
3.2.2.4. Supinator
3.2.2.4.1. Supinates: Forearm
4. Hip and Lower Limb
4.1. Femur and Hip Movement
4.1.1. Anterior Hip Muscles: Iliopsoas
4.1.1.1. Psoas major & Iliacus
4.1.1.1.1. Flex: Thigh (@ hip) (TRUNK IS FIXED)
4.1.1.1.2. Flex: Trunk (@ hip)(THIGH IS FIXED)
4.1.1.1.3. Fix: Balances trunk while sitting
4.1.2. Lateral/Posterior Hip Muscles
4.1.2.1. Tensor fasciae latae
4.1.2.1.1. Extend: Knee
4.1.2.1.2. Lateral Rotation: Tibia
4.1.2.1.3. Abduction: Femur ~ Aid
4.1.2.1.4. Medial Rotation: Femur ~ Aid
4.1.2.1.5. Fix: Steadies leg while standing *see note*
4.1.2.2. Gluteus
4.1.2.2.1. Gluteus Maximus
4.1.2.2.2. Gluteus Medius/Minimus
4.1.3. Inferior/Deep Hip muscles: Lateral rotators
4.1.4. Medial Thigh Compartment: Adductor
4.1.4.1. Adductor
4.1.4.1.1. Adductor longus
4.1.4.1.2. Adductor magnus
4.1.4.2. Pectineus
4.1.4.2.1. Flex: Thigh
4.1.4.2.2. Adduct: Thigh
4.1.4.3. Gracilis
4.1.4.3.1. Flex: Tibia (@ knee)
4.1.4.3.2. Medial Rotation: Tibia (@ knee)
4.2. Femur, Tibia, and Fibula Movement
4.2.1. Anterior Thigh Compartment: Extensor
4.2.1.1. Quadriceps femoris
4.2.1.1.1. Rectus femoris
4.2.1.1.2. Vastus lateralis/mediais
4.2.1.1.3. Vastus intermedius
4.2.1.2. Sartorius
4.2.1.2.1. Flex:
4.2.1.2.2. Abduct: Thigh
4.2.1.2.3. Lateral Rotation: Thigh
4.2.2. Posterior Thigh Compartment: Flexor
4.2.2.1. Hamstrings
4.2.2.1.1. Biceps femoris
4.2.2.1.2. Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus
4.2.2.2. Gracillas (medial thigh)
4.2.2.2.1. Medial Rotation: Tibia (@ knee)
4.2.2.2.2. Flex: Tibia (@ knee)
4.3. Foot and Digit Movement
4.3.1. Anterior Leg Compartment: Extensor
4.3.1.1. Tibialis anterior
4.3.1.1.1. Dorsiflex: Foot
4.3.1.1.2. Inversion: Foot
4.3.1.1.3. Fix:
4.3.2. Posterior Leg Compartment: Flexor
4.3.2.1. Gastrocnemius
4.3.2.1.1. Plantar Flex: Foot
4.3.2.1.2. Flex: Knee
4.3.2.2. Soleus
4.3.2.2.1. Plantar Flex: Foot
4.3.2.2.2. Fix: Steadies leg on ankle during standing