1. Shoulder and Upper Limb
1.1. Humerus Movement
1.1.1. Axial Muscles
1.1.1.1. Pectoralis major
1.1.1.1.1. Flex: Humerus
1.1.1.1.2. Adducts:Humerus
1.1.1.1.3. Medial Rotation: Humerus
1.1.1.1.4. Deep Inspiration ~Aid
1.1.1.2. Latissimus dorsi
1.1.1.2.1. Adducts:Humerus
1.1.1.2.2. Medial Rotation: Humerus
1.1.1.2.3. Extends: Shoulder joint
1.1.1.2.4. Misc
1.1.1.2.5. Aids in extreme breathing functions *see note*
1.1.2. Scapular Muscles
1.1.2.1. Deltoid
1.1.2.1.1. Anterior Fibers:
1.1.2.1.2. Lateral Fibers:
1.1.2.1.3. Posterior Fibers:
1.1.2.2. Teres major
1.1.2.2.1. Extend: Humurus
1.1.2.2.2. Medial Rotation: Humerus
1.1.2.3. Coracobrachialis
1.1.2.3.1. Flex: Arm
1.1.2.3.2. Medial Rotation: Arm
1.1.2.3.3. Fix: Resists arm deviation *see note*
1.1.3. Rotator Cuff
1.1.3.1. Supraspinatus
1.1.3.1.1. Abduction: Arm ~ Aids deltoid
1.1.3.1.2. Fix: Resists humeral head slip *see note*
1.1.3.2. Infraspinatus
1.1.3.2.1. Lateral Rotation: Humerus
1.1.3.2.2. Fix: humeral head slip "see note*
1.1.3.3. Teres minor
1.1.3.3.1. Lateral Rotation: Humerus
1.1.3.3.2. Fix: humeral head slip "see note*
1.1.3.4. Subscapularis
1.1.3.4.1. Medial Rotation: Humerus
1.1.3.4.2. Fix: humeral head slip "see note*
1.2. Forearm Movement
1.2.1. Bellies in Arm (Brachium)
1.2.1.1. Brachialis
1.2.1.1.1. Flex: Elbow(1)
1.2.1.2. Biceps brachii
1.2.1.2.1. Supinates: Forearm (rapid/forceful)
1.2.1.2.2. Flex:
1.2.1.2.3. Fix: Long Head Tendon stabilizes shoulder
1.2.1.3. Triceps brachii
1.2.1.3.1. Entend: Elbow
1.2.1.3.2. Long Head:
1.2.2. Bellies in Forearm (Antebrachium)
1.2.2.1. Brachioradialis
1.2.2.1.1. Flex: Elbow
1.2.2.2. Anconeus
1.2.2.2.1. Extend: Elbow
1.2.2.2.2. Fix: control ulnar movement
1.2.2.3. Pronator
1.2.2.3.1. Pronator teres
1.2.2.3.2. Pronator quadratus(1)
1.2.2.4. Supinator
1.2.2.4.1. Supinates: Forearm
2. Hip and Lower Limb
2.1. Femur and Hip Movement
2.1.1. Anterior Hip Muscles: Iliopsoas
2.1.1.1. Psoas major & Iliacus
2.1.1.1.1. Flex: Thigh (@ hip) (TRUNK IS FIXED)
2.1.1.1.2. Flex: Trunk (@ hip)(THIGH IS FIXED)
2.1.1.1.3. Fix: Balances trunk while sitting
2.1.2. Lateral/Posterior Hip Muscles
2.1.2.1. Tensor fasciae latae
2.1.2.1.1. Extend: Knee
2.1.2.1.2. Lateral Rotation: Tibia
2.1.2.1.3. Abduction: Femur ~ Aid
2.1.2.1.4. Medial Rotation: Femur ~ Aid
2.1.2.1.5. Fix: Steadies leg while standing *see note*
2.1.2.2. Gluteus
2.1.2.2.1. Gluteus Maximus
2.1.2.2.2. Gluteus Medius/Minimus
2.1.3. Inferior/Deep Hip muscles: Lateral rotators
2.1.4. Medial Thigh Compartment: Adductor
2.1.4.1. Adductor
2.1.4.1.1. Adductor longus
2.1.4.1.2. Adductor magnus
2.1.4.2. Pectineus
2.1.4.2.1. Flex: Thigh
2.1.4.2.2. Adduct: Thigh
2.1.4.3. Gracilis
2.1.4.3.1. Flex: Tibia (@ knee)
2.1.4.3.2. Medial Rotation: Tibia (@ knee)
2.2. Femur, Tibia, and Fibula Movement
2.2.1. Anterior Thigh Compartment: Extensor
2.2.1.1. Quadriceps femoris
2.2.1.1.1. Rectus femoris
2.2.1.1.2. Vastus lateralis/mediais
2.2.1.1.3. Vastus intermedius
2.2.1.2. Sartorius
2.2.1.2.1. Flex:
2.2.1.2.2. Abduct: Thigh
2.2.1.2.3. Lateral Rotation: Thigh
2.2.2. Posterior Thigh Compartment: Flexor
2.2.2.1. Hamstrings
2.2.2.1.1. Biceps femoris
2.2.2.1.2. Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus
2.2.2.2. Gracillas (medial thigh)
2.2.2.2.1. Medial Rotation: Tibia (@ knee)
2.2.2.2.2. Flex: Tibia (@ knee)
2.3. Foot and Digit Movement
2.3.1. Anterior Leg Compartment: Extensor
2.3.1.1. Tibialis anterior
2.3.1.1.1. Dorsiflex: Foot
2.3.1.1.2. Inversion: Foot
2.3.1.1.3. Fix:
2.3.2. Posterior Leg Compartment: Flexor
2.3.2.1. Gastrocnemius
2.3.2.1.1. Plantar Flex: Foot
2.3.2.1.2. Flex: Knee
2.3.2.2. Soleus
2.3.2.2.1. Plantar Flex: Foot
2.3.2.2.2. Fix: Steadies leg on ankle during standing
3. Head and Neck
3.1. Facial Expression
3.1.1. Scalp/Brow: Occipitofrontalis
3.1.1.1. Occipitalis
3.1.1.1.1. Retract: Scalp
3.1.1.2. Frontalis
3.1.1.2.1. Elevates: Brow
3.1.1.2.2. Draw Forward: Scalp
3.1.2. Oral Region:
3.1.2.1. Orbicularis oris
3.1.2.1.1. Encircles: Mouth
3.1.2.1.2. Protrudes: Lips
3.1.2.1.3. Closes: Lips
3.1.2.2. Levator labii superioris
3.1.2.2.1. Elevates: UL
3.1.2.2.2. Everts: UL
3.1.2.3. Depressor labii inferioris
3.1.2.3.1. Draw Down: LL
3.1.2.3.2. Draw Lateral: LL
3.1.2.4. Risorius
3.1.2.4.1. Draw Up: < of Mouth
3.1.2.4.2. Draw Lateral: < of Mouth
3.1.2.5. Zygomaticus major
3.1.2.5.1. Draw Up: < of Mouth
3.1.2.5.2. Draw Lateral:< of Mouth
3.1.2.6. Zygomaticus minor
3.1.2.6.1. Elevates: UL
3.1.3. Orbital/Nasal Region:
3.1.3.1. Nasalis
3.1.3.1.1. Widens Nostrils
3.1.3.2. Orbicularis oculi:
3.1.3.2.1. Closes eyes
3.1.3.2.2. Tear flow across eye ~ Aid
3.1.3.2.3. Sphincter of the eyelids
3.1.4. Mental/Buccal Region:
3.1.4.1. Mentalis
3.1.4.1.1. Elevates:
3.1.4.1.2. Protrudes: LL
3.1.4.2. Buccinator
3.1.4.2.1. Compresses: Cheek against teeth/gums
3.1.4.2.2. Retracts: Cheek
3.1.4.3. Platysma
3.1.4.3.1. Draw Downward:
3.1.4.3.2. Opening mouth wide ~ Aid
3.2. Mandible Movement
3.2.1. Temporalis
3.2.1.1. Retracts: Man
3.2.1.2. Elevates: Man
3.2.1.3. Lateral Excursion: Man
3.2.1.4. Medial Excursion: Man
3.2.2. Masseter
3.2.2.1. Elevation: Man(1)
3.2.2.2. Protraction: Man
3.2.2.3. Retraction: Man
3.2.2.4. Lateral Excursion: Man
3.2.2.5. Medial Excursion: Man
3.3. Neck Muscles
3.3.1. Hyoid muscles
3.3.1.1. Suprahyoid
3.3.1.1.1. Digastric
3.3.1.2. Infrahyoid
3.3.1.2.1. Fix the hyoid from below-> allows suprahyoids to open the mouth
3.3.2. Pharyngeal constrictors
3.3.2.1. Drive food into esophagus
3.4. Head Movement
3.4.1. Neck Flexors
3.4.1.1. Sternocleidomastoid
3.4.1.1.1. Bilateral:
3.4.1.1.2. Unilateral:
3.4.1.2. Scalenes
3.4.1.2.1. Bilateral:
3.4.1.2.2. Unilateral:
3.4.2. Neck Extensors
3.4.2.1. Trapezius
3.4.2.1.1. Depress: Scapula (apex of shoulder)
3.4.2.1.2. Elevate: Scapula (apex of shoulder)
3.4.2.1.3. Retracts: Scapula
3.4.2.1.4. Lateral Rotation: Scapula
3.4.2.1.5. Fix: Scapula & Sholder
3.4.2.1.6. Extend: Neck
3.4.2.1.7. Lateral Flexion: Neck
3.4.2.2. Splenius capitis/cervicis
3.4.2.2.1. Uniateral:
3.4.2.2.2. Bilateral:
3.4.2.3. Semispinalis capitis/cervicis
3.4.2.3.1. Extend: Head
3.4.2.3.2. CR: Head
4. Trunk
4.1. Breathing
4.1.1. Diaphragm: INSPIRATION(1)
4.1.1.1. Contracts
4.1.1.1.1. Compress: Abdominal Viscera
4.1.1.1.2. Childbirth and waste expulsion ~ Aid
4.1.2. External intercostals
4.1.2.1. SCALENES FIX RIB 1
4.1.2.1.1. Elevate: Rib 2-12
4.1.2.1.2. Protract: Rib 2-12
4.1.3. Internal intercostals
4.1.3.1. Intercartilaginous Part: Inspiration
4.1.3.1.1. Elevate: Ribs ~ Aid
4.1.3.1.2. Expand: Thomactic Cav ~ Aid
4.1.3.2. Interosseous Part: Expiration
4.1.3.2.1. Compress: Thoractic Cavity via:
4.2. Abdominal Wall Muscles
4.2.1. Anterior Wall
4.2.1.1. Oblique
4.2.1.1.1. Bilateral: for external and internal
4.2.1.1.2. Unilateral:for external
4.2.1.1.3. Unilateral: for internal
4.2.1.2. Transversus abdominis
4.2.1.2.1. Compress: abdominal organs {allows:}
4.2.1.3. Rectus abdominis
4.2.1.3.1. Flex: Lumbar vertebral column region
4.3. Pectoral Girdle Muscles
4.3.1. Anterior Group
4.3.1.1. Pectoralis minor
4.3.1.1.1. With serratus anterior:
4.3.1.1.2. With other musc
4.3.1.2. Serratus anterior
4.3.1.2.1. With pectoralis minor
4.3.1.2.2. Protract: Scapula
4.3.1.2.3. FIx: Scapula
4.3.1.2.4. Elevate: Apex of shoulder (via rotating scapula) ~ Aid
4.3.2. Posterior Group
4.3.2.1. Trapezius
4.3.2.1.1. Depress: Scapula (apex of shoulder)
4.3.2.1.2. Elevate: Scapula (apex of shoulder)
4.3.2.1.3. Retracts: Scapula
4.3.2.1.4. Lateral Rotation: Scapula
4.3.2.1.5. Fix: Scapula & Sholder
4.3.2.1.6. Extend: Neck
4.3.2.1.7. Lateral Flexion: Neck
4.3.2.2. Levator scapulae
4.3.2.2.1. Elevate: Scapula (IF CERVIC. VERT FIXED)
4.3.2.2.2. Lateral Flexion: Neck (IF SCAPULA FIXED)
4.3.2.2.3. ~
4.3.2.2.4. ~
4.3.2.3. Rhomboid minor/major
4.3.2.3.1. ~
4.3.2.3.2. Fix: Scapula