1. 4. Nazi Domestic Policies
1.1. 1.Religious Policies
1.1.1. Policy towards Church
1.1.1.1. Managed to replace crucifixes in schools and banned nativities
1.1.1.1.1. Arrested 700 pastors
1.1.1.2. Confessing church attracked the support of 7000 of 17000 pastors by 1939
1.1.1.2.1. Catholics couldnt be Nazified due to the pope being an international leader
1.1.1.3. 20th July 1933 Concordat
1.1.1.3.1. Vatican promised not to interfere with politics in Germany, and the Nazi's wouldn't interfere with church issues
1.1.1.4. Bonhoeffer preached against the regime, helping Jews migrate until arrest and murder in 1945
1.1.2. Policy towards Jews
1.1.2.1. See Jewish Policy
1.1.3. German Faith Movement
1.1.3.1. Reich church established
1.1.3.1.1. Attempt to begin German Faith Movement
1.1.3.2. Introduced Hitler youth and shut down the German catholic youth movement in 1936
1.1.3.2.1. Only 5% of Germans joined the German Faith Movemnt
1.2. 2. Social Policies
1.2.1. Women
1.2.1.1. Policies
1.2.1.1.1. Financial incentives like marriage loans and birth Grants
1.2.1.1.2. Restrictions on contraception
1.2.1.1.3. October 1935 Blood protection law
1.2.1.2. Success
1.2.1.2.1. Infant mortality dropped from 7.7% in 1933 to 6.6% in 1936
1.2.1.3. Failure
1.2.1.3.1. Divorces increased after 1938
1.2.2. Nazi Racial Policies
1.2.2.1. ASocials
1.2.2.1.1. Policies
1.2.2.2. Jews
1.2.2.2.1. Policies
1.2.3. Society
1.2.3.1. Farmers
1.2.3.1.1. Benefitted
1.2.3.1.2. Did Not Benefit
1.2.3.2. Small business and Mittelstand
1.2.3.2.1. Benefitted
1.2.3.2.2. Did Not Benefit
1.2.3.3. Industrial Workers
1.2.3.3.1. Benefited
1.2.3.3.2. Did Not Benefit
1.2.4. Youth
1.2.4.1. Policies
1.2.4.1.1. Education
1.2.4.1.2. Hitler Youth
1.3. 3. Economic Policies
1.3.1. Schachts New Plan
1.3.1.1. Schacht was appointed economics minister 1934
1.3.1.2. Schacht stated that Hitler's expenditure on rearmament was fuelling imports so autarky couldn't be achieved
1.3.1.2.1. Hitler didn't listen and set up the Office of the four year plan which bypassed Schachts policies
1.3.1.3. Aims
1.3.1.3.1. His new plan was a designed to make Germany an Autarky
1.3.1.4. Success
1.3.1.4.1. Government spending increased by 70%
1.3.1.4.2. A series of bilateral treatys were signed and payed for imports with the reichsmark that other countries used to buy german products
1.3.1.5. Failure
1.3.1.5.1. Failed to increase exports significantly
1.3.2. Public Works and Creation of New Jobs
1.3.2.1. Aims
1.3.2.1.1. Solve unemployment
1.3.2.1.2. Increase industrial production
1.3.2.2. Success
1.3.2.2.1. 40% increase in car production
1.3.2.2.2. Voluntary labour service
1.3.2.2.3. Virtually no unemployment by 1939
1.3.2.2.4. Autobahn building scheme
1.3.2.3. Failure
1.3.2.3.1. Voluntary labour service was poorly paid with poor working conditions
1.3.3. Goering's Four Year Plan (1936)
1.3.3.1. Aim was to make Germany ready for war
1.3.3.1.1. War started in 1939 - 1 year early
1.3.3.1.2. Through remarmament, autarky in food and industrial production
1.3.3.2. Success
1.3.3.2.1. Industrial production rose steeply
1.3.3.3. Failures
1.3.3.3.1. In 1942 Oil was only 45% of its target, coal 79% and steel 85% which meant the plan was a failure
1.3.4. Guns VS Butter Debate
1.3.4.1. Goring(Guns) VS Schacht(Butter) basically
1.3.5. German Labour Front
1.3.5.1. Aims
1.3.5.1.1. Aimed to end the demands of the workers
1.3.5.2. Success
1.3.5.2.1. Any unrest amongst workers was dealt with harshly
1.3.5.3. Failure
1.3.5.3.1. Increase in war preparation meant working hours were increased
1.3.6. Strength Through Joy
1.3.6.1. Aims
1.3.6.1.1. Aimed to win the support of the workers
1.3.6.2. Success
1.3.6.2.1. Offered workers real benefits like holidays
1.3.6.3. Failures
1.3.6.3.1. No Volkswagen cars were actually delivered
2. 1. Consolidation of Power
2.1. Legal Revolution
2.1.1. Reichstag Fire (27th February 1933)
2.1.1.1. Reichstag burnt down
2.1.1.1.1. Found a Dutch communist guilty for the fire allowing the Nazi's to spread their anti-communist regime
2.1.1.1.2. Goebbels used the opportunity to create propaganda presenting communists and the KPD party as enemies of the state
2.1.1.1.3. The situation allowed Hitler to pass an emergency decree which suspended freedom of the press, speech and breakdown of civil liberties, by suggesting that the state was under threat
2.1.2. 5th March Elections
2.1.2.1. Election had an 88% turn out in with 43.9% of electorates voting Nazi
2.1.2.1.1. Whilst appearing a success, the Nazis actually needed a 2/3 majority to change the constitution
2.1.3. Enabling Act (March 1933)
2.1.3.1. The act would allow Hitler to change the constitution allowing him to pass laws without Reichstag vote - to do this he needed a 2/3 supermajority
2.1.3.1.1. Achieved supermajority be removing KPD due to the reichstag fire, staging the vote on a day the Z party couldnt attend due to religion and surrounding the opera house with SA members and Nazi symbolism
2.1.3.1.2. Created and air of terror within the opera house to vote for the Act
2.2. Gleichschaltung
2.2.1. Law for restoration of Professional civil service (April 1933)
2.2.1.1. Removed Jews and political opponents from the civil service, schools and courts
2.2.2. Abolishment of Trade Unions and formation of the DAF (May 1933)
2.2.2.1. Deutsch Arbieter Front represented all workers directly from the Nazi party
2.2.2.2. Gave workers free holidays which distracted them from the authoritarianisation going on around them
2.2.3. Law against the formation of New parties (July 1933)
2.2.3.1. Led to Germany becoming a single party state
2.2.4. Resulted in 150,000 politcal opponents being placed in concentration camps
2.3. Night of the Long Knives
2.3.1. The SA were seen as a threat to Hitlers plans as Ernst Rohm wanted the Nazi revolution to remove Hitler from power
2.3.1.1. On the night of the 30th June 1934 Hitler used the SS to purge the leaders of the SA
2.3.1.1.1. Killed 200 people including Rohm and Von Schleicher
2.3.1.1.2. The army were also anti-SA so this event led to the army oath given to Hitler after he became Fuhrer
2.3.1.1.3. Also proved Hitler could get away with murder
2.4. Death of Hindenburg and Army Oath
2.4.1. 2nd August 1934 Hindenburg died
2.4.1.1. Within a few hours Hitler merged the offices of the chancellor and the president making him the Fuhrer
2.4.1.2. The army swore an Oath of Allegiance to Hitler
3. 2. Maintenance of the Regime
3.1. Government and Administration
3.1.1. New Judiciary system
3.1.1.1. New Peoples Courts and Special courts created in March 1933 giving Nazis access to controlling the law
3.1.2. Systems of administration
3.1.2.1. Reformation of the civil service meant all civil servants from 1938 had to be members of the Nazi party
3.1.2.2. Single party state created by Hitler meant there was no legal means to remove him from power
3.1.2.2.1. He was not going to be removed from within the party because of the radicalised polycratic nature of the state
3.1.2.3. And Doctors, Teachers etc, had to swear an oath to the party aswell
3.2. Censorship and Propaganda
3.2.1. RMVP controlled all aspects of the media and dealt with non-conformists by revoking their licenses to publish their media or artwork
3.2.2. Goebbels was the head of Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda
3.2.2.1. Produced Visual art, Architecture, Prints and Films in the form of Propaganda
3.2.2.1.1. Example is Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will Propaganda film in 1935 (also cinematographer for the Berlin Olympics in 1936)
3.2.3. Radio
3.2.3.1. Nazi party developed a system of distributing cheap radios that only picked up one radio station
3.2.3.1.1. By 1939 70% of households had a radio
3.2.4. Rallies
3.2.4.1. Created a powerful feeling of belonging and commitment was strengthened
3.2.5. Photographs and Posters
3.2.5.1. Staged posters used by Hitler to practise poses
3.2.5.1.1. Spread everywhere even on to the likes of cigarette packaging
3.2.6. Festivals and sport
3.2.6.1. Created new festivals
3.2.6.1.1. IE the day of siezing power and Hitlers Birthday
3.2.6.2. Olympics was a propaganda success with even the english team doing the Nazi salute before the game
3.2.6.2.1. Some teams did however boycott the games because it was held in Germany
3.2.7. Literature
3.2.7.1. Burning of the books in may 1935
3.2.7.1.1. 2000 books by imprisoned novelists burnt to promote Nazi ideas
3.3. Machinery of Terror
3.3.1. The Courts
3.3.1.1. New Peoples Court
3.3.1.1.1. Judges had to be Nazi's and if not convicting enough people they would be dismissed
3.3.1.2. Removed opponents to Nazi regime
3.3.1.2.1. Who did they target
3.3.1.3. Inneffectiveness
3.3.1.3.1. Some judges did not issue harsh enough sentenses
3.3.2. The SS and Gestapo
3.3.2.1. SS
3.3.2.1.1. Main instrument of terror
3.3.2.2. Gestapo
3.3.2.2.1. Investigated domestic crimes including spying and treason
3.3.2.2.2. Acted against Jews, communists, homosexuals and gypsies
3.3.2.2.3. Gestapo agents infiltrated opposition groups and monitored non-conforming individuals
3.3.2.2.4. They were very effective at enforcing order and they relied on civilian guidance
3.3.3. Concentration Camps
3.3.3.1. Helped the Nazis maintian power through fear and terror
3.3.3.2. Who did they target
3.3.3.2.1. Political opponents initially communists and socialists and trade unionists
3.3.3.2.2. From 1936 they diversified to include Asocials
3.3.3.3. Inneffectiveness
3.3.3.3.1. Did not reduce political opponents, only forced them into hiding
3.3.4. Effectiveness
3.3.4.1. Effective
3.3.4.1.1. Consolidated hitlers power by removing communists and socialist opposition
3.3.4.1.2. Some effectiveness in eliminating A socials throughout 1933-39
3.3.4.2. Ineffective
3.3.4.2.1. Did not completely prevent opposition
3.4. Opposition Between 1933-39
3.4.1. Youth
3.4.1.1. Youth
3.4.1.1.1. Swing youth
3.4.1.1.2. Edelweiss Pirates
3.4.1.1.3. Effectiveness
3.4.2. Communists/SDs
3.4.2.1. Social Democrats
3.4.2.1.1. Banned after enabling act and formed underground organisation in Prague
3.4.2.1.2. Effectiveness
3.4.2.2. Communists
3.4.2.2.1. Became an underground organisation
3.4.2.2.2. Effectiveness
3.4.3. Religious
3.4.3.1. Churches
3.4.3.1.1. Criticisms from catholic and protestant churches
3.4.3.1.2. Effectiveness
3.4.4. Opposition was ineffective
3.4.4.1. Strength of the regime
3.4.4.1.1. Propaganda, Machinery of terror
3.4.4.2. Terror and weakness of opposition
3.4.4.2.1. Opposition was divided and lacked coordination