Introduction to CognitiveScience (AdditionalResources)
Unit 1 introduction to cognitive sciecne
1. Types of Behaviourism
1.1. Methodical: Behaviour without mental state
1.1.1. John Watson
1.2. Psychological: Behaviour towards stimuli
1.2.1. Ivan Pavlov
1.2.2. B. F. Skinner
1.3. Analytical/Logical: Behaviour based on mental state
1.3.1. Gilbert Ryle
1.3.2. Ludwig Wittgenstein
2. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
2.1. Analytical: Problem solving
2.2. Creative: Generation of new ideas
2.3. Practical: Adaptability
3. Theoretical Approaches to Cognitive Science
3.1. Formal Rules
3.1.1. Deductive and inductive reasoning
3.1.2. Mental representations in sentences
3.2. Rules
3.2.1. Procedures for making mental rules
3.2.2. Mental rules influencing behaviour
3.3. Concepts
3.3.1. Organisation
3.3.2. Application
3.4. Analogies
3.4.1. Associative thinking
3.4.2. Comparing previous experiences to new ones
3.4.3. Reasoning through mental imagery
3.5. Images
3.6. Connectionism
3.6.1. Mental phenomena based on interconnected networks
3.7. Theoretical Neuroscience
3.7.1. Biological study of the mind
3.8. Bayesian Statistics
3.8.1. Study of cognition through probability and statistics
3.9. Deep Learning
3.9.1. Using artificial intelligence to understand the human mind
4. Criticism in the Theory of Multiple Intelligences
4.1. Too vague: 'Intelligences' are just talents/abilites/personality traits
4.2. Lack of supporting empirical research
4.3. Impractical: It can only be applied in ideal learning conditions
4.4. Not groundbreaking: People have classified others like this before Gardner
5. Memory must be reinforced by repeated action
6. Ebbinghaus' Forgetting Curve
6.1. 90% of memorised information forgotten in a month
6.2. Increasing rate of learning
6.2.1. Physiological (Stress, sleep, etc.)
6.2.2. Difficulty of learning material
6.2.3. Spaced repetition/Active recall
6.2.4. Memory representation used (Mnemonics)
7. Possible Functions of Broca's Area
7.1. Muscle movements for speech
7.2. Wernicke's Area
7.2.1. Wernicke's Aphasia: Capable of producing fluent but meaningless speech
7.3. Syntax
7.4. Exact function still unclear
7.4.1. Wernicke-Geschwind Model: Wernicke's Area plans speech, Broca's Area executes it.