Regulation of Ventilation (key)

1. Medullary Respiratory Center

1.1. Dorsal Respiratory Group

1.1.1. controls

1.1.1.1. basic rhythm of respiration by signaling diaphragm and inspiratory muscle activity

1.1.2. located

1.1.2.1. dorsal medulla within the nucleus of the tractus solitarius

1.1.3. receive peripheral sensory input via

1.1.3.1. vagus nerves

1.1.3.1.1. peripheral chemoreceptors

1.1.3.2. glossopharyngeal nerve

1.2. Ventral Respiratory Group

1.2.1. controls

1.2.1.1. expiration

1.2.1.1.1. is especially important for heavy expiration

1.2.2. located

1.2.2.1. within nucleus ambiguus and retro ambiguus of medulla

2. Apneustic Center

2.1. promotes

2.1.1. inspiration via simulation of the dorsal group

2.1.1.1. constant stimulus to dorsal group to maintain respiratory rhythm

2.1.1.2. assists in controlling length of inspiration

2.2. inhibited by

2.2.1. pneumotaxic center

2.2.1.1. inhibits apneustic center when rate is increased

2.2.1.2. allows PC to limit inspiration and increase RR

3. Pneumotaxic Center

3.1. controls

3.1.1. rate of breathing

3.1.1.1. switches off the inspiration ramp to limit rate

3.2. located

3.2.1. in the nucleus parabrachialis of the pons

4. Fill out this concept map on regulation of ventilation