1. Positive Influences of Higher Education (Billings & Halstead, 2024)
1.1. Advancements in Technology
1.2. Advancement of Evidenced Based Practice
1.3. Advancement of Interprofessional Collaboration
2. Negative Influences (Billings & Halstead, 2024)
2.1. Discrimination and Lack of Diversity
2.2. Lack of Funding for Education and Healthcare
2.3. Lack of Nursing Faculty and Resources
2.4. Retirement of Nursing Faculty
2.5. Social Determinants of Health
2.6. Structural and Cultural Racism
3. Regulation: Sets and ensures rules and laws for nursing practice are in place that protect the public
3.1. American Nurses Assocation (ANA)
3.1.1. Provide standards based on the Nurse Practice Act and the Nursing Code of Ethics
3.2. North Carolina Board of Nursing (NCBON)
3.2.1. Individualized to North Carolina to ensure care is reflective of state specific rules and regulations
3.3. The Joint Commision
3.3.1. Provide standards that assess and evalute care to ensure patient centered quality health care that is safe and up to date
3.4. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
3.4.1. Patient centered care
3.4.2. Teamwork and Collaboration
3.4.3. Evidence Based Practice
3.4.4. Quality Improvement
3.4.5. Safety
3.4.6. Informatics
4. Accreditation: Quality and competency assurance that is up to date with the current needs in health care. These organizations provide staff development opportunites.
4.1. Staff Development
4.1.1. National League for Nursing Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation (NLN CNEA)
4.1.1.1. Standards for Accreditation
4.1.1.1.1. Culture of Excellence
4.1.1.1.2. Culture of Integrity and Accountability
4.1.1.1.3. Culture of Excellence and Caring - Students
4.1.1.1.4. Culture of Excellence and Caring - Faculty
4.1.1.1.5. Culture of Learning and Diversity
4.1.2. Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)
4.1.2.1. Standards for Accreditation Categories
4.1.2.1.1. Program Quality
4.1.2.1.2. Program Effectiveness