Bonding & structure

1. covalent bonding

1.1. made of non-metals

1.2. exist in elements and compounds

1.3. electrostatic directional

1.4. molecules or atoms

1.5. non-metals only

2. metallic bonding

2.1. made of metals

2.2. exist in elements

2.3. valence shell electrons become delocalized

2.4. atoms

2.5. metals only

3. ionic bonding

3.1. made of metals and non-metals

3.2. exist in compounds only

3.3. electrostatic non-directional

3.4. ions

3.5. between metals and non-metals

4. simple molecular structure

4.1. small discrete molecules

4.2. van der waals' forces

4.3. soft solids, gases volatile liquids or

4.4. low melting point

4.5. just soluble in non-aqueous solvents

4.6. no conduct eletricity

4.7. H2,I2,H2O,NH3,CCl4

5. giant covalent structure

5.1. giant lattice of atoms

5.2. covalent bonds link atoms

5.3. very hard solids

5.4. high melting point

5.5. insoluble

5.6. not conduct electrical  (except graphite)

5.7. C(diamond),C(graphite),SiO2

6. giant ionic structure

6.1. giant lattice of ions

6.2. ionic bonds link oppositely charged ions

6.3. hard solids (except mercury)

6.4. hard solid

6.5. soluble water, insoluble non-aqueous solvents

6.6. just conduct molten or in aqueous solution

6.7. NaCl,CaO,KOH

7. giant metallic structure

7.1. giant lattice of metals ions surronded by a sea of delocalized electrons

7.2. metallic bonds link the metal ions and the sea of delocalized electrons

7.3. hard solids (except mercury)

7.4. high melting point

7.5. insoluble

7.6. good conductors

7.7. all metals