2. -To express habits and routines, general facts, repeated actions or situations, emotions and permanent desires: I smoke (habitos); I work in London (permanencia); London is a large city (hecho general) -To give instructions or indications: You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left. -To talk about scheduled, present or future events: Your exam starts at 09.00. - To refer to the future, behind some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until: I'll give it to you when you eat next Saturday.
3. Watch out! The "simple present" is not used to talk about what is happening at this time.
4. EXAMPLES: -Habits and routines He drinks tea at breakfast. She only eats fish. They watch television regularly. -Evening and repeated actions We catch the bus every morning. It rains every afternoon in the hot season. They drive to Monaco every summer. -General Facts Water freezes at zero degrees. The Earth revolves around the Sun. Her mother is Peruvian.
5. -Instructions or indications Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water. You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford. -Programmed Events His mother arrives tomorrow. Our holiday starts on the 26th March -Constructions of the future She will see you before she leaves. We'll give it to her when she arrives.
6. 1. In English, most adjectives are added an 'er' at the end to form the comparative and 'est' to form the superlative.
7. The comparative form of verbs serves to compare things using adjectives, to make a comparison one thing with the other. So we also have the superlative form that helps us to compare one thing among many others, that is, in a larger amount.
8. -Adjetive Long – largo -Comparative longer -Superlative Longest -Adjetivo Short – corto/bajo -Comparative Shorter -Superlative Shortest -Adjetive Old – viejo -Comparative Older -Superlative Oldest -Adjetive Young – joven -Comparatve Younger -Superlative Youngest
9. Examples: -This dress is cheap – Este vestido es barato -Mine is cheaper– El mío es más barato -Her dress is the cheapest – El vestido de ella es el más barato
10. 2. If the adjective ends in 'e', only one 'r' is added for the comparative and 'st' for the superlative.
11. -Adjetive Nice – amable -Comparative Nicer _Superlative Nicest -Adejetive Late – tarde -Comparative Later -Superlative Latest -Adjetive Rare – raro/poco común -Comparative Rarer -Superlative Rarest
12. Examples: -This salesman is nice but the first one was nicer – Este vendedor es amable pero el primero era más amable. -However, the secretary was the nicest – Sin embargo, la secretaria era la más amable
13. 3. Some adjectives that end in consonant, duplicate the final consonant to form the comparative and the superlative, like this:
15. 4. When the adjective ends in 'y', the 'y' is changed by an 'i' and added at the end 'er' to form the comparative and 'est' to form the superlative, as follows:
17. -In the above adjectives it is possible to use 'more'(más...) and 'most' (el más...) to form comparative and superlative such as 'thirsty'(sediento), 'more thirsty'(más sediento) And 'most thirsty' (el mas sediento); But this is not very common and sounds weird. It is best to use the shapes given in the tables above.
18. 5. Algunos adjetivos sin embargo, no tienen una forma diferente para el comparativo o el superlativo, y se debe usar ‘more’ y ‘most’ para formarlos. En general son adjetivos que tienen más de dos sílabas o terminan en ‘ful’, ‘ing’, ‘ous’, ‘ive’, ‘ish’, ‘al’, ‘able’ y ‘ed’.
19. -Adjetive Beautiful – bonito -Comparative More beautiful -Superlative Most beautiful -Adjetive Careful – cuidadoso -Comparative More careful -Superlative Most careful -Adjetive Interesting – interesante -Comparative More interesting -Superlative Most interesting -Adjetive Boring – aburrido -Comparative More boring -Superlative Most boring
20. There are three very common English adjectives that are irregular. They have completely different comparatives and superlatives; these are:
21. -Adjetive Good – bueno -Comparative Better -Superlative Best -Adjetive Bad - malo -Comparative Worse -Superlative Worst -Adjetive A lot – mucho -Comparative More -Superlative Most
22. -This store is good - Esta tienda es buena -That one is better – Esa es mejor -The third store is the best – La tercera tienda es la mejor -This book is bad – Este libro es malo -That one is worse – Ese es peor -However, the other book is the worst – Sin embargo, el otro libro es el peor -Rita has a lot of work to do – Rita tiene mucho trabajo por mhacer -Paul has more work – Paul tiene más trabajo -Carl has the most work – Carl tiene más trabajo que todos
