1. FORMATIVE
1.1. Examples
1.1.1. Discussion
1.1.2. Quiz
1.1.3. Pre-test
1.2. Often and during course of instruction
1.3. Grading is optional
1.4. Process of gathering evidence of student learning
1.5. Providing feedback
1.5.1. differentiated & effective
1.6. Adjusting instruction strategies
1.6.1. further reading, individual tutoring, group work, questioning, peer tutor, worksheet, modeling, changing sequence, concept mapping
1.7. Enhance achievement
1.8. INFORMAL
1.8.1. observation
1.8.2. questioning
1.8.3. spontaneous
1.8.4. immediate feedback
1.8.5. instructional adjustments
1.9. FORMAL
1.9.1. quizzes
1.9.2. planned activity (individual or group)
1.9.3. specific sequence of activities
1.9.4. pre-assessments
2. Helps students learn teachers improve instruction, administrators decide how to allocate resources, and policymakers evaluate the efficacy of education programs.
3. Performance
3.1. Individual or group projects
3.2. Portfolios
3.3. Student logs
3.4. Journals
4. SUMMATIVE
4.1. Examples
4.1.1. Standardized testing
4.1.2. Final exams
4.1.3. Major cumulative projects
4.1.4. Research projects
4.1.5. Report cards
4.2. End of unit or end of year
4.3. Grading is necessary
4.4. End of large chunk of learning
4.5. Review what you want to do
4.6. Criteria for ensuring high-quality assessment
4.7. Representative sampling
4.8. Preparing students
4.8.1. teach assessment taking skills
4.8.2. test length, format
4.8.3. review
4.8.4. question types
4.8.4.1. multiple choice, matching, true/false, short answer, long essay...
4.8.5. Delivery Types
4.8.5.1. paper and pencil
4.8.5.2. online
4.8.5.3. computer adaptive testing
4.8.6. Scoring Types
4.8.6.1. human scoring
4.8.6.2. rubric
4.8.6.3. checklists
4.8.6.4. automated scoring