1. Stephen lukes
1.1. Three dimensional view of power
1.1.1. Decision making power
1.1.1.1. observable policy preference after political action
1.1.2. Non-décision making power
1.1.2.1. control the issues discussed by limiting alternatives.
1.1.3. Ideological power
1.1.3.1. manipulation of desires”- observed and unobserved.
2. Elite theories
2.1. Vilfredo pareto
2.1.1. The elite are the ruling people
2.1.1.1. Superior intelligence
2.1.1.2. Knowledge
2.1.1.3. Skills
2.1.2. Societies are thus divided into:
2.1.2.1. Elite
2.1.2.2. Non-élite
2.2. Gateano mosca
2.2.1. Society is divided into two classes
2.2.1.1. Ruling class
2.2.1.1.1. Monopolizes power
2.2.1.1.2. Dominates the masses
2.2.1.2. Ruled class
2.2.2. Elite rule is inevitable
2.2.2.1. Marx’s vision of a classless society is untenable
2.3. Robert michels
2.3.1. Not only elites rise to the top of the state apparatus, but the process also operates in all organizations.
2.3.2. Iron law of oligarchy
2.3.2.1. Inevitable rule by the few
2.3.3. Criticisms
2.3.3.1. power relationships become looser with the expansion in size of organizations
2.3.3.2. fluidity of networks i.e. fluidity of governance
3. Weber
3.1. Power is the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his will despite resistance.
4. Foucault
4.1. Power operates
4.1.1. At all level of social interaction
4.1.2. In all social institutions
4.1.3. Through all people
4.2. Knowledge and power are related
4.3. Discourses
4.3.1. Ways of thinking about and discussing issues such as crime, health and wellfer