Diabetes Mellitus Type I

1. Pathophysiology

1.1. Body doesn't make enough insulin

1.2. Insulin Deficiency

1.3. Pancreatic beta cell destruction

1.4. Deficit of circulatory insulin

1.5. Autoimmune- immune mediated

1.6. Idiopathic

2. Genetics

2.1. Altered pancreatic cells trigger immune system

2.2. T cells destroy beta cells that produce insulin

3. Risk factors

3.1. Common in genetically susceptible individuals

3.2. Can be precipitated by environmental factors

4. Complications

4.1. DKA

4.2. Osmotic diuresis/Dehydration

4.3. Neuropathy

4.4. Heart disease/stroke

5. Diagnostic test

5.1. Blood sugar monitoring

5.2. Kidney function

5.3. Hemoglobin A1C

5.4. Arterial blood gas

5.5. Ketone blood level

5.6. Electrolyte balance

6. Common Findings

6.1. Frequent urination

6.2. Thirst

6.3. Nausea/vomiting

6.4. Fatigue/fainting

7. Treatments

7.1. Controlling glucose levels

7.2. Fluids

7.3. Insulin

7.4. Monitor VS

7.5. Electrolytes

7.6. I&O