1. Conclusion
1.1. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was upheld as constitutional (unanimous decision)
1.2. Local discriminatory practices would not be allowed
1.3. H.A.M. was prohibited from refusing a room to persons based on race
2. Impact
2.1. Roberts v. United States Jaycees
2.1.1. Women were being denied membership due to gender
2.1.2. Gender discrimination brings about many of the same issues as racial discrimination (decided in Heart of Atlanta), and should not be allowed
2.2. United States v. Lopez
2.2.1. Question of how interstate commerce powers could be used
2.2.2. Heart of Atlanta was referenced in that the national government has the power to regulate the use of channels of interstate commerce
3. Importance
3.1. A business professional should care about this decision because it outlines the importance of interstate commerce, and how this constitutional right of the national government can influence even local business practices
4. Influence
4.1. No racial discrimination in hiring
4.2. No racial discrimination in service based on race (can't refuse someone to your restaurant due to race)
4.3. Case ultimate led to decisions restricting and removing gender discrimination as well
5. Facts
5.1. Parties
5.1.1. Heart of Atlanta Motel
5.1.2. United States Government
5.2. What Happened
5.2.1. The Heart of Atlanta Motel (H.A.M.) refused to rent rooms African-American individuals
5.3. Procedural Histories
5.3.1. 1950's: racial segregation in schools was declared unconstitutional
5.3.2. 1964: Civil Rights Act prevented racial discrimination in matters of interstate commerce
5.3.3. H.A.M. attempted to claim the Civil Rights Act of 1964 "exceeded [the government's] constitutional authority to regulate commerce"
5.3.3.1. H.A.M. also tried to claim they were only local business, and therefore the Act did not apply to them (not interstate commerce)
6. Issue
6.1. Is the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Constitutional?
7. Rule of Law
7.1. Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce
7.2. This power includes local activities, including places of origin, destination, and travel points in between in order to conduct interstate commerce
8. Analysis/Application
8.1. Only local business?
8.1.1. The H.A.M. was found to be a part of interstate commerce
8.1.1.1. 75% of guests were residents of other states
8.1.1.2. H.A.M. was accessible by state and interstate highways
8.1.1.3. Advertising was national
8.1.1.4. H.A.M. accepted trade from outside the state
8.2. Race and interstate commerce
8.2.1. the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed after through evidence that discrimination would impede interstate commerce
8.2.1.1. Interstate commerce often requires trips to other locations, which may involve needing a place to stay overnight
8.2.1.2. Persons conducting interstate commerce cannot be expected to rely on friends in order to have a place to sleep at night
8.2.1.3. Racial discrimination in hotel/motel/places for travelers impedes interstate commerce