1. Oxidative/Aerobic System
1.1. The nutrients are broken down into A T P through the process of aerobic respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen.
1.1.1. Respiratory rate increases, so optimal amounts of oxygen are available.
1.1.2. The digestive system slows to divert blood flow to working muscles.
1.1.3. The body must rely on the breakdown of carbohydrates, fat, and sometimes protein to supply a continued source of A T P.
1.2. Oxygen-Carrying
1.2.1. The body’s ability to obtain oxygen from the air inhaled into the lungs and transported to the bloodstream
1.2.2. Affected by two factors
1.2.2.1. - Ability to adequately ventilate the alveoli in the lungs ‒ Hemoglobin concentration in the blood
1.3. Definition: Oxidative energy production is the primary means of ATP production during rest and for activities that last for 2 minutes or longer.
2. Fuel Utilization
2.1. The energy produced from the breakdown of ATP fuels
2.1.1. - Metabolism - Muscle contraction - Heart pumping
2.2. Definition: The upgrading of conventional oil and natural gas into more valuable products, using more efficient processing technology.
3. The Metabolic Pathway
3.1. Definition: is a series of chemical reactions in a cell that build and breakdown molecules for cellular processes.
3.2. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA.
3.3. Acetyl-CoA passes to the mitochondria and enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).
3.4. NADH and FADH go on to the electron- transport chain
4. ATP-PC Systems
4.1. Limited amount of stored ATP to fuel the muscle
4.1.1. Creatine Phosphate (C P)
4.1.1.1. high-energy phosphate compound, to produce more A T P.
4.2. As the stored A T P is depleted,
4.3. A D P byproduct of A T P combines
4.4. Definition: uses a stored molecule in the muscle called creatine phosphate (CP) to resynthesize ATP.
5. Glycolysis
5.1. Glycogen is broken down into glucose via glycogenolysis.
5.1.1. Glycolysis produces a net of 2 A T P and 2 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (N A D H).
5.1.1.1. The muscles release lactate into the bloodstream, and it is oxidized to produce more energy.
5.2. Glucose is converted to pyruvate during glycolysis.
5.3. Definition: the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
6. Lipogenesis
6.1. THE FORMATION OF FAT
6.2. Definition: the formation of fatty acids from acetyl coenzyme A in the living body and especially in adipose tissue and the liver
6.3. Excess carbohydrates, protein, or fat is converted to fat and stored in adipocytes.
6.3.1. Pancreas releases insulin, which induces an increased transport of glucose into adipose cells.
6.3.2. Glucose is converted to glycerol, which joins with three free fatty acids to form triacylglycerol's for storage.
6.3.3. The fatty acids are delivered to the adipose cell.