1. IMPs
1.1. First Industrial Master Plan (IMP1) (1986-1995)
1.2. Second Industrial Master Plan (IMP2) (1996-2005)
1.3. Third Industrial Master Plan (IMP3) (2006-2020)
2. Contributions of SMEs, heavy industries & FDI
2.1. Small & Medium Industries (SMEs)
2.1.1. backbone of industrial development in Malaysia's economy
2.1.2. dominated by domestic companies
2.1.3. defined as
2.1.3.1. having annual sales turnover not exceeding RM25 million
2.1.3.2. employing full-time employees not exceeding 150 people
2.2. heavy industries
2.2.1. implemented to facilitate economic linkages, induce technology diffusion and broaden the industrial sector
2.2.2. Heavy Industries Corporation of Malaysia (HICOM) (1980)
2.2.2.1. the cement industry
2.2.2.2. Perwaja Steel Sdn. Bhd.
2.2.2.3. PROTON
2.2.2.4. oil refinery
2.3. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
3. Issues Faced by Industrial Sector
3.1. large industrial technological gap
3.2. lack of extensive domestic R&D
3.3. weak symbiotic relationship between heavy industries & SMEs
3.4. narrow manufacturing base
3.5. inadequate use of natural resources
3.6. high costs of production
3.7. dependence on foreign labor
3.8. intense competition from low-cost producers in emerging economies
4. Roles of Industrial Sector
4.1. increased contributions to the GDP, employment and exports
4.2. modernization of the economy, widening industrial and economy bases
4.3. plays in important roles in downstream activities
4.4. creates linkages between heavy industries and SMIs
4.5. transferring of technology through foreign and domestic investments
4.6. creates opportunities and linkages with other sectors
5. Phases of Industrial Development
5.1. Early 1950s
5.1.1. very little manufacturing activity
5.1.2. focus more on agriculture
5.2. Import Substitution Strategy (1957-1970)
5.2.1. initiatives to develop industries
5.2.2. Pioneer Industries Ordinance
5.2.3. MIDF and MIDA
5.2.4. Investment Incentive Act
5.2.4.1. to promote manufacturing activities
5.3. Export Orientated industrialization strategy (Post 1970s)
5.3.1. focus to production geared for exports
5.4. Heavy industry-based import substitution strategy (Post 1980s)
5.4.1. examples
5.4.1.1. automobils
5.4.1.2. steel
5.4.1.3. iron
5.5. High Technology Industries (Post 1990s)
5.5.1. Action Plan for Industrial Technology Development (APITD)
5.5.1.1. to encourage the development of industrial technology