Situation of indigenous communities in Colombiapor vanee banquezz
1. Human Rights
1.1. Five rights are identified inspired by the draft declaration of nations United on the rights of peoples indigenous: the right to distinctiveness, the right to equality, the right to one's own, the right to improvement and the preferential right. It's about five rights concurrent for the time, where the first four are always valid and the fifth is temporary because they still exist situations of discrimination insufficiently overcome in reality
1.2. Political Constitution of Colombia of 1991: Those articulated in the Constitution referring to indigenous peoples are able to determine who are those Colombians who are the bearers of these particular ethnic and cultural assets and what is being recognized about different Colombians. Colombia's constitution goes further and chooses to configure a exit that allows to regularize and put these peoples in conditions of equality and opportunities; Therefore, it takes affirmative or positive discrimination actions, generating the conditions to configure a different treatment.
2. Territory
2.1. With a total population, according to the DNP, of 701,866 inhabitants in five macroregions identified as: Amazonia, with 83 territorial entities, 44 ethnic groups and one population of 48,622, Orinoquia, with 124 territorial entities, 56 ethnic groups and 69,866 inhabitants, The Central East region, with 28 reservations, out of a population of 36,017 inhabitants of the region, The West region with 222 reservations, 27 indigenous peoples and 337,636 inhabitants, which represents the largest population in the country, the Atlantic Coast has 22 territorial entities, 17 ethnic groups and 209,719 habitants
2.2. The territory for indigenous people constitutes a complementary spiritual base and material base. In addition to constituting the space that links many generations with ancestors, where their own origin originates history linked to identity, the earth is considered as a relative that gives rise to the life or mother space to whom, therefore, is must take care and protect, interpret its manifestations to help it to be preserved as vital for generations to come
3. Violence
3.1. The geographical location that the State strategically granted them, isolating them and separating them from development centers and locating them in border areas, places them today in the propitious scenarios for the increase in indiscriminate colonization, illicit crop production, use and control of political territory, and has made them victims of violence
3.2. The internal armed conflict has become a struggle for control the territory in which many areas of the country, especially rural ones, are in active dispute between the leftist guerrilla and armed right-wing groups. Municipalities with some kind of guerrilla presence they increased from 17% in 1985 to 58% in 1995. If to this are added the areas with activity of the paramilitaries, drug traffickers and the Armed Forces, approximately 75 % of the country is under some level of armed conflict. The Colombian Army and Police have been unable to guarantee the citizen security and impunity is common in the face of increasing violations of all kinds of human rights. How Consequently, municipal corporations and government institutions have lost their sovereignty and increases the number of Colombians killed and displaced
4. Indigenous people represent a minimal part of the total Colombian population and are one of the human groups most vulnerable to violence, which makes them susceptible to internal displacement. Among the main causes of displacement of these communities are territorial disputes between armed groups, threats against life and physical integrity, the invasion of territories dispossessed by legal and illegal crops, and the use of their territories for the exploitation of resources such as mining. For decades it has been observed that the main effects on indigenous peoples are the forced incorporation of minors and young people into armed groups, sexual violence, as well as forced prostitution, armed confrontations; the selective assassinations of indigenous authorities and leaders, among others. It is notable that the situation of human rights of indigenous peoples in Colombia is critical and deeply worrying, despite the constitutional recognition of these rights by the Colombian state.
5. History
5.1. When the Spanish arrived in the 15th century, three large indigenous families populated the Colombian territory: the Chibcha culture, located in the highlands and cold areas of the center of the country and in the "Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". the Caribbean, located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean and the Arwac, in the regions of the Amazon, Putumayo and Caquetá rivers
6. Features
6.1. The Chibcha family, one of the largest and most intellectually developed, had advanced knowledge of mathematics, used a calendar that allowed them to manage agriculture and celebrate religious festivals, and used hieroglyphic writing. Although the Caribbean family continued to tend to nomadism, they occupied the Atlantic coast. It was an essentially warrior and merchant people. It was these who presented the most tenacious resistance to the conquerors. Like the Chibchas they focused their diet on corn. The Arawac culture was located on the eastern slope of the eastern mountain range and in the eastern plains of Colombia. Their social organization revolved around matriarchy and patriarchy. These towns had a mixed economy: agricultural, gathering, hunting and fishing. Its architecture surpassed that of previous cultures.
