1. COLORS
1.1. Ranitidine
1.1.1. report yellowing of the skin
1.2. Isoniazid
1.2.1. Yellow skin tones
1.3. Digoxin
1.3.1. Yellow- tinged vision
1.4. Rifampin
1.4.1. urine and sweat can develop a red orange tinge
2. LUNGS/AIRWAY
2.1. fluticasone inhaler
2.1.1. spacer decreases the risk for:
2.1.1.1. Oral candidiasis
2.1.2. candidiasis
2.2. Albuterol
2.2.1. use during an acute asthma attack
2.2.2. The client should use the bronchodilator, albuterol, prior to taking beclomethasone, a glucocorticoid inhaler, to enhance its absorption.
2.2.3. albuterol D/C teaching with MDI for asthma. Recognize as priority assessment?
2.2.3.1. Fine motor control
2.3. Salmeterol
2.3.1. Bronchodilator
2.3.2. It can prevent asthma attacks and exercise-induced bronchospasm. It can also treat COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema
2.3.3. Effectiveness of the medication
2.3.3.1. Improved breathing
2.4. Theophylline
2.4.1. EDU
2.4.1.1. “I will need to have blood levels drawn”
2.5. Montelukast
2.5.1. Control Inflammation in the airways
2.6. beclomethasone
2.6.1. The client should rinse their mouth after using beclomethasone, a glucocorticoid inhaler, to prevent oropharyngeal candidiasis and hoarseness.
2.7. Theophylline (Theo-Dur)
2.7.1. For chronic relief bronchitis
2.7.2. what indicates toxicity
2.7.2.1. Tremors
2.7.2.1.1. earliest manifestation Tremors because CNS stimulation. Others: insomnia, confusion, irritability
2.8. EDU
2.8.1. Use prior to physical activity?
2.8.1.1. Cromolyn
2.8.1.1.1. "I will use my cromolyn nebulizer before using my albuterol inhaler."
2.8.2. Discharge teaching for long term oral glucocorticoid for asthma. Include in teaching plan:
2.8.2.1. schedule on alt days to decrease side effects
2.9. MDI's
2.9.1. Add a spacer to each MDI.
2.9.1.1. A spacer applied to an MDI can make up for lack of hand-lung coordination by increasing the amount of medication delivered to the lungs.
3. ANTIBIOTICS
3.1. cefazolin IV
3.1.1. client has anxiety, hypotension, and dyspnea
3.1.1.1. Administer Epinephrine
3.1.2. Gentamicin
3.1.2.1. can potentiate nephrotoxicity
3.2. ciprofloxacin
3.2.1. report any signs of tendon pain or swelling
3.3. Ceftazidime
3.3.1. can treat bacterial infections.
3.3.2. Priority lab finding for the nurse to report to the provider before administering the medication?
3.3.2.1. Creatinine 2.6 mg/dl
3.4. oral amoxicillin/clavulanate
3.4.1. If urticaria is reported
3.4.1.1. Request a change in the type of the antibiotic
3.5. Gentamicin
3.5.1. AE
3.5.1.1. Tinnitus
3.6. Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole
3.6.1. AE
3.6.1.1. Vesicular, crusty rash
3.7. Tetracycline
3.7.1. Take the medication with food
3.7.2. EDU
3.7.2.1. I will avoid drinking milk when I take this medication
3.7.2.2. I won’t worry if I experience diarrhea while taking this medication
3.7.2.3. DON'T take antacids with digoxin or tetracycline
3.7.2.3.1. Calcium carbonate
3.8. Clindamycin
3.8.1. Report
3.8.1.1. Watery diarrhea
3.9. Metronidazole
3.9.1. Alcohol:
3.10. Doxycycline
3.10.1. avoided during pregnancy
3.10.1.1. Avoid. Very serious interactions can occur
3.11. Broad spectrum antibiotics
3.11.1. risk for developing
3.11.1.1. Suprainfection
3.12. Cefaclor
3.12.1. indication of an allergic reaction?
3.12.1.1. Pruritus
3.12.1.1.1. Allergic reaction includes
3.13. EDU
3.13.1. The nurse should identify that an antibiotic can be administered 30 min before or after the scheduled time to maintain therapeutic blood levels without requiring an incident report.
4. SUBSTANCE ABUSE
4.1. Bupropion
4.1.1. aid to quit smoking
4.1.2. adverse effects
4.1.2.1. Insomnia
4.2. Diazepam
4.2.1. acute cocaine toxicity
4.3. Heroin Overdose
4.3.1. A greatly decreased respiratory rate (8/min)
4.3.2. Pinpoint pupils
4.4. Chlordiazepoxide
4.4.1. First-line medication to use for a client who is experiencing manifestations of acute alcohol withdrawal
4.4.1.1. Prevent delirium tremens
5. DIURETICS
5.1. Furosemide
5.1.1. Teaching
5.1.1.1. increase intake
5.1.1.2. Monitor for muscle
5.1.1.3. Dangle your legs
5.1.2. AE
5.1.2.1. dizziness
5.1.2.2. hypokalemia
5.1.2.2.1. The nurse should identify the presence of U-waves as a manifestation of hypokalemia, an adverse effect of furosemide.
5.1.2.2.2. EDU
5.1.2.3. urinary frequency
5.1.2.4. hypoglycemia
5.1.2.5. Dehydration
5.1.2.5.1. Oliguria, increased urine concentration, and an increase in urine specific gravity greater than 1.030 are expected findings in clients who are dehydrated.
5.1.3. desired therapeutic effect
5.1.3.1. A decrease in pulmonary or peripheral edema
5.1.3.2. weight loss
5.1.3.3. decrease BP
5.1.3.4. increase output
5.1.4. EDU
5.1.4.1. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can cause ototoxicity.
5.1.4.1.1. The client should be taught to notify the provider if tinnitus, a full feeling in the ears, or hearing loss occurs.
5.2. Mannitol
5.2.1. Use
5.2.1.1. used to force urine production in people with acute (sudden) kidney failure.
5.2.1.2. ICP
5.2.2. AE
5.2.2.1. Bibasilar crackles
5.2.2.2. Increased thirst
5.3. Acetazolamide
5.3.1. It can treat glaucoma, epilepsy, mountain sickness, and fluid retention (edema).
5.3.2. AE
5.3.2.1. Hypoglycemia
5.4. Bumetanide
5.4.1. same as FUROSEMIDE
5.4.2. EDU
5.4.2.1. You should monitor for hearing difficulties
5.4.2.1.1. complications include
5.5. Hydrochlorothiazide
5.5.1. AE
5.5.1.1. hypokalemia
5.5.1.1.1. Thiazide diuretics adverse effects
5.5.1.1.2. Eat foods rich in K
5.6. Triamterene
5.6.1. (potassium sparring diuretic)
5.6.1.1. lab values should the nurse withhold the medication
5.6.1.1.1. Potassium 5.3
5.7. Client with dehydration secondary to diuretics.
5.7.1. Expect to find:
5.7.1.1. dry mucous membranes
5.8. Spironolactone
5.8.1. Potassium-sparing diuretic
5.8.1.1. Clients taking potassium-sparing diuretics should limit their intake of foods high in potassium due to the risk of hyperkalemia.
5.8.2. AE
5.8.2.1. Hyperkalemia
5.8.2.1.1. should NOT use salt substitutes because they contain potassium and place the client at risk for hyperkalemia.
5.8.2.2. Electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia, are common.
5.8.2.2.1. Drinking large amounts of water can cause dilutional hyponatremia, which is dangerous when taking spirolactone
5.8.3. EDU
5.8.3.1. Watch for increased breast tissue growth while taking this medication
5.8.3.2. Spironolactone, which is derived from steroids, can cause adverse endocrine effects, such as:
5.8.3.2.1. Gynecomastia
5.8.3.2.2. impotence in men
5.8.3.2.3. irregular menses, and hirsutism in women.
6. Bladder Relaxant
6.1. Oxybutynin
6.1.1. Used to treat symptoms of overactive bladder, such as frequent or urgent urination, incontinence (urine leakage), and increased night-time urination.
6.1.2. adverse effect
6.1.2.1. dry mouth
6.1.2.2. blurred vision
6.1.2.3. dry eyes
7. TB
7.1. Isoniazid
7.1.1. adverse effect
7.1.1.1. Yellow skin tones
7.1.2. will need frequent monitoring of?
7.1.2.1. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
7.2. EDU
7.2.1. Client is prescribed a four-medications
7.2.1.1. “This regimen will eliminate various combinations of resistant strains of TB”
7.2.2. “You will need to take two or more medications to treat your disease”
7.3. Rifampin
7.3.1. urine and sweat can develop a red orange tinge
7.3.1.1. Document this as an expected finding
7.4. Mantoux skin test, for TB.
7.4.1. Appropriate nursing action:
7.4.1.1. insert with bevel up
7.4.1.2. 5-15 degree angle
7.4.1.3. 0.1mg or mL of stuff to form wheal
8. ANTIDOTES
8.1. diazepam overdose
8.1.1. fluazenil
8.1.1.1. antidote used to reverse benzodiazepines
8.2. opioid overdose
8.2.1. heroin toxicity
8.2.1.1. naloxone
8.2.1.1.1. nurse should not administer naloxone too quickly
8.3. acute acetaminophen toxicity
8.3.1. Acetylcysteine
9. GUT
9.1. Metoclopramide
9.1.1. Antiemetic and Gut motility stimulator
9.1.2. It can treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
9.1.3. AE
9.1.3.1. Tardive dyskinesia
9.1.3.2. CNS effects
9.1.3.2.1. dizziness, fatigue, and sedation
9.1.4. Common brands
9.1.4.1. Reglan
9.2. Sucralfate
9.2.1. For PUD
9.2.2. Teaching
9.2.2.1. Forms a protective barrier over ulcers
9.3. Ranitidine
9.3.1. Use
9.3.1.1. Antihistamine and Antacid
9.3.1.1.1. It can treat and prevent heartburn
9.3.1.1.2. It can also treat stomach ulcers, GERD, and conditions that cause too much stomach acid.
9.3.2. EDU
9.3.2.1. It can be taken with or without food.
9.3.2.2. full course therapy is recommended.
9.3.2.3. Store at Room temperature
9.3.3. AE
9.3.3.1. Can be hepatotoxic and cause jaundice
9.4. Client who has peptic ulcer disease and is to start antacid therapy.
9.4.1. Take antacids 1 hour after meals, 3 hours after meals, and at bedtime
9.5. Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto)
9.5.1. Useful against H Pylori, and also coats stomach providing protection from gastric juices
9.6. alosetron
9.6.1. The client must sign an agreement with the provider before beginning alosetron.
9.6.2. EDU
9.6.2.1. notify the provider and stop the medication if diarrhea is not controlled after 1 month of starting alosetron.
9.6.2.2. notify the provider about tachydysrhythmia
9.7. omeprazole
9.7.1. EDU
9.7.1.1. should take omeprazole once daily before a meal (usually breakfast) because the medication is less effective when taken with food.
9.7.1.2. Should be used for no more than 1 to 2 months due to long-term adverse effects
9.7.2. Clients who have active duodenal ulcer or gastric reflux disease
10. Gout
10.1. Allopurinol
10.1.1. Teaching
10.1.1.1. Drink 2 L of water a day
10.1.1.2. Take after meals
10.1.1.2.1. to minimize GI distress, insomnia, headache
10.1.1.2.2. Advise clients to take oral gout medication with food or after meals
11. OSTEOPOROSIS
11.1. risedronate
11.1.1. Teaching
11.1.1.1. I should sit up for 30 minutes after taking the risedronate
11.1.1.2. With a full glass of what in the mornings
11.1.1.3. When should the immediate release and delayed-release form of risedronate be taken related to food intake?
11.1.1.3.1. Immediate release: At least 30 min prior to eating
11.1.1.3.2. Delayed-release: Can be taken after eating.
11.1.1.4. When on risedronate, when should a patient take an antacid?
11.1.1.4.1. Absorption of risedronate is reduced in antacids containing calcium, aluminum, or magnesium.
11.1.1.4.2. The nurse should instruct the client to take the antacid 2 hours after taking risedronate.
11.1.2. contraindicated
11.1.2.1. When client cannot sit or stand upright for 30 minutes
11.1.3. AE
11.1.3.1. GI effects such as esophagitis and dyspepsia.
11.1.3.1.1. The client should sit up for 30 min after taking med
11.2. Calcitonin salmon
11.2.1. used to treat osteoporosis in women who are at least 5 years past menopause and cannot or do not want to take estrogen products.
11.2.2. long-term treatment therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis
11.2.3. Intranasal spray
11.2.3.1. depress the side arms to activate the pump
11.2.3.1.1. Instruct the client to activate the pump on the initial use by holding the bottle upright and depressing the two white side arms toward the bottle six times.
11.2.3.2. administer calcitonin-salmon to one nostril daily, alternating nostrils.
11.2.3.3. nasal bleeding, or ulcerations, are indications to discontinue the medication and to notify the provider if nasal bleeding occurs.
12. CONTRACEPTIVES
12.1. Interferes with the effectiveness of the oral contraceptives
12.1.1. Warfarin
13. ANTIFUNGAL
13.1. Amphotericin B
13.1.1. AE
13.1.1.1. Bradycardia
13.1.2. Infusion reaction includes:
13.1.2.1. Fever
13.1.2.2. Chills
13.1.2.3. Rigors
13.1.2.4. headache 1-3 hrs. after initiation
14. HIV
14.1. efavirenz
14.1.1. Notify the provider for the appearance of a skin rash
14.2. Contraindication for varicella vaccination
15. LABS
15.1. Calcium
15.1.1. A calcium level of 9.2 mg/dL is within the expected reference range of 9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL
15.2. magnesium
15.2.1. A magnesium level of 1.6 mEq/L is within the expected reference range of 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L
15.3. digoxin
15.3.1. A digoxin level of 1.1 ng/mL is within the expected reference range of 0.8 to 2 ng/mL
15.4. potassium
15.4.1. A potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L is below the expected reference range of 3.5 to 5 mEq/L
16. PAIN
16.1. Hydrocodone with acetaminophen
16.1.1. Decreased respirations might occur
16.2. Ergotamine sublingual
16.2.1. to treat migraine headaches
16.2.2. Teaching
16.2.2.1. Take one tablet at onset of migraine
16.2.3. AE
16.2.3.1. muscle pain
16.2.3.2. paresthesia in fingers and toes
16.2.3.3. cold, pale extremities
16.3. Morphine
16.3.1. via patient-controlled analgesia
16.3.1.1. assessment is the nurse's priority?
16.3.1.1.1. Respiratory rate
16.3.2. morphine sulfate PRN
16.3.2.1. AE
16.3.2.1.1. Urinary retention
16.3.3. Report
16.3.3.1. Pupillary constriction
16.4. Indomethacin
16.4.1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
16.5. Hydromorphone
16.5.1. Withhold if:
16.5.1.1. Bowel sounds are absent in all four quadrants.
16.5.2. complications include:
16.5.2.1. Constipation
16.5.2.1.1. increases the client’s risk for constipation
16.5.2.2. respiratory depression
16.5.2.3. orthostatic hypotension
16.5.2.4. urinary retention
16.6. Phenazopyridine
16.6.1. Common brands:
16.6.1.1. Urinary Pain Relief, Pyridium, Azo Urinary Pain Relief
16.6.2. outcomes of the medication
16.6.2.1. relieved burning upon urination
16.6.2.1.1. Relieves manifestations of burning with urination, pain, frequency, and urgency
16.7. Nitroglycerin
16.7.1. Nitroglycerin transdermal patches
16.7.1.1. understanding of the teaching
16.7.1.1.1. I will take the patch off right after my evening meal
16.7.2. Sublingual nitroglycerin
16.7.2.1. Discard any tablets you do not use every 6 months
16.7.2.2. Sequence
16.7.2.2.1. Stop activity
16.7.2.2.2. Place tab under tongue
16.7.2.2.3. wait 5 min
16.7.2.2.4. call 911 if pain not relieved
16.8. Azathioprine
16.8.1. diagnostic tests prior to starting the medication?
16.8.1.1. Pregnancy test
16.9. Fentanyl lozenges
16.9.1. EDU
16.9.1.1. instruct the client to place the fentanyl stick between their cheek and lower gum and actively suck it for increased absorption of the medication.
16.9.1.2. periodically move the medication stick to a different location in the mouth for best absorption.
16.9.1.3. expect the medication's analgesia effects to begin within 10 to 15 min.
16.9.1.4. store unused, used, or partially used medication sticks in the safe storage container that comes in the kit when the medication is initially prescribed.
17. DIABETES
17.1. Administration
17.1.1. Factors that might cause the client to have difficulty safely self-administering insulin?
17.1.1.1. macular degeneration
17.1.2. New prescription for combination of lispro insulin and NPH Insulin.
17.1.2.1. I will mix these medications in one syringe
17.2. Insulin glargine
17.2.1. LONG-ACTING, manmade version of human insulin.
17.2.2. EDU
17.2.2.1. Observe for hypoglycemia when the insulin peaks
17.2.3. Insulin glulisine has a very short onset of action of 15 min.
17.3. DESMOPRESSIN
17.3.1. EDU
17.3.1.1. You can expect to have less urine output when you are taking this medication
17.4. Pioglitazone
17.4.1. AE
17.4.1.1. Fluid retention
17.4.1.1.1. also hepatoxicity, and increased LDLs
17.5. glipizide
17.5.1. adherence is effective when HbA1C is < 7%
17.6. Regular inuslin 10 units and NPH 30 units SQ 0730. Onset:
17.6.1. 0800
17.7. Metformin
17.7.1. manifestations of lactic acidosis, which rarely occur while taking metformin:
17.7.1.1. Myalgia
17.7.1.2. Malaise
17.7.1.3. Somnolence
17.7.1.4. hyperventilation
18. Cardiac
18.1. Metoprolol
18.1.1. interventions
18.1.1.1. Determine apical pulse prior to administering
18.1.2. EDU
18.1.2.1. Check your pulse rate daily
18.1.3. AE
18.1.3.1. HYPOglycemia
18.1.3.1.1. "I might have difficulty recognizing when my blood sugar is low."
18.1.3.2. Can cause weight gain due to fluid retention.
18.1.3.2.1. The client should be taught to report unexpected weight gain, edema, and cough while taking beta-adrenergic blockers.
18.2. Digoxin
18.2.1. Adverse effects
18.2.1.1. Yellow- tinged vision
18.2.2. Digoxin Toxicity
18.2.2.1. Anorexia
18.2.2.2. Nausea
18.2.2.2.1. Check apical pulse
18.2.2.3. Vomiting
18.2.2.4. visual disturbances
18.2.2.5. Dysrhythmias
18.2.2.6. Hypokalemia increases the risk for toxicity
18.2.3. early indication of medication toxicity?
18.2.3.1. Visual disturbances
18.2.4. EDU
18.2.4.1. Don't take antacids with digoxin or tetracycline
18.2.4.2. These medications can increase ventricular irritability and put the client at risk for ventricular fibrillation after the synchronized countershock of cardioversion.
18.2.5. Cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, are withheld prior to cardioversion.
18.2.5.1. These medications can increase ventricular irritability and put the client at risk for ventricular fibrillation after the synchronized countershock of cardioversion.
18.3. ACE inhibitors
18.3.1. lisinopril
18.3.1.1. Adverse effects
18.3.1.1.1. Persistent cough
18.3.1.2. works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily
18.3.1.3. It can treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It can also reduce the risk of death after a heart attack.
18.3.2. captopril
18.3.2.1. Teaching
18.3.2.1.1. I should tell my provider if I develop a sore throat
18.3.2.1.2. How should captopril be taken?
18.3.2.2. contraindicated
18.3.2.2.1. When taking naproxen and other NSAIDS
18.3.2.3. AE
18.3.2.3.1. Neutropenia evidenced by a sore throat.
18.3.2.4. SE
18.3.2.4.1. Dysuria
18.3.2.4.2. urinary frequency
18.3.2.4.3. changes in the normal amount of urine.
18.3.3. Enalapril
18.3.3.1. AE
18.3.3.1.1. Hyperkalemia
18.4. Calcium-channel blockers
18.4.1. Diltiazem
18.4.1.1. EDU
18.4.1.1.1. This medication will lower blood pressure and is contraindicated for a client who is hypotensive.
18.4.1.2. Contraindication
18.4.1.2.1. Diltiazem and other calcium channel blockers are contraindicated for use in certain conditions where bradycardia is present, such as second- or third-degree heart block.
18.4.1.3. Use
18.4.1.3.1. It is used to treat tachydysrhythmia, such as:
18.4.1.3.2. Diltiazem can be a treatment option for essential hypertension.
18.5. Atropine
18.5.1. used to treat the symptoms of low heart rate (bradycardia), reduce salivation and bronchial secretions before surgery or as an antidote for overdose of cholinergic drugs
18.5.1.1. myasthenia gravis and is in a cholinergic crisis
18.6. Atorvastatin
18.6.1. For hyperlipidemia
18.6.2. Which of the following lab values should the nurse monitor?
18.6.2.1. Creatinine kinase
18.6.3. indicates the treatment has been effective?
18.6.3.1. LDL 120 mg/dL
18.6.3.1.1. LDL < 130 is the norm
18.7. Beta blockers
18.7.1. Atenolol
18.7.1.1. Use
18.7.1.1.1. It can treat high blood pressure and chest pain (angina). It can also reduce the risk of death after a heart attack.
18.7.1.2. AE
18.7.1.2.1. hypotension
18.8. Niacin
18.8.1. Use
18.8.1.1. It can treat high cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as niacin deficiency.
18.8.1.2. AE
18.8.1.2.1. Flushing of the skin
18.9. The nurse should advise the client that decongestants
18.9.1. can constrict blood vessels
18.10. Taking aspirin daily for the past year
18.10.1. report
18.10.1.1. Hyperventilation
18.10.1.2. tinnitus
18.11. Epoetin alfa
18.11.1. monitor BP
18.12. Nitroprusside
18.12.1. Titrate according to
18.12.1.1. Blood pressure
18.12.2. Used in hypertensive crisis
18.13. Amiodarone
18.13.1. For life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmia
18.14. Clonidine (catapres)
18.14.1. EDU
18.14.1.1. Clonidine can cause drowsiness, weakness, sedation, and other CNS effects.
18.14.1.1.1. Until the client’s response to the medication is known, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid driving or handling other potentially hazardous equipment
18.14.1.1.2. Change position slowly
18.15. Procainamide
18.15.1. Brand name: Pronestyl
18.15.2. AE
18.15.2.1. Hypotension
18.15.2.1.1. If BP drops more than 15mmHg.
18.16. Verapamil
18.16.1. verapamil has more than one action
18.17. Adenosine
18.17.1. Monitor
18.17.1.1. Dyspnea
18.17.1.1.1. can occur during administration of adenosine due to bronchoconstriction
18.17.1.2. Flushing of the face and a feeling of warmth
18.17.1.2.1. transient findings that occur during administration of adenosine
19. Laxatives & Stool Softeners
19.1. Docusate sodium
19.1.1. Mechanism of action
19.1.1.1. reduces the surface tension of the stools to change their consistency
20. Anticoagulants ('blood thinners')
20.1. Warfarin
20.1.1. MOA
20.1.1.1. Used to treat or prevent venous thrombosis (swelling and blood clot in a vein) and pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in the lung).
20.1.1.2. Works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood.
20.1.2. Administer if the client experiences bleeding
20.1.2.1. Vitamin K
20.1.3. Outside the expected range
20.1.3.1. INR 4.5
20.1.3.1.1. normal is 2-3 seconds
20.1.3.1.2. Warfarin check INR and PT (18-24 seconds)
20.1.4. EDU
20.1.4.1. Aspirin will increase the risk of bleeding
20.1.4.2. Interferes with the effectiveness of the oral contraceptives
20.1.4.3. Carry med alert bracelet at all times
20.1.5. Labs
20.1.5.1. Warfarin therapy is evaluated by PT and the INR, which is drawn daily for the first 5 days, then twice weekly for the next 1 to 2 weeks.
20.2. Heparin
20.2.1. heparin via continuous IV
20.2.1.1. discontinue when?
20.2.1.1.1. Platelet 96,000/mm3
20.2.1.2. fastest anticoagulation
20.2.2. Where to inject subcutaneous heparin?
20.2.2.1. abdomen in an area that is above the iliac crest and at least 5 cm (2 in) away from the umbilicus.
20.2.2.1.1. after injecting heparin subcutaneously?
20.2.3. manifestations of heparin toxicity?
20.2.3.1. Blood in urine
20.2.3.2. bruising
20.2.3.3. hematomas
20.2.3.4. hypotension
20.2.3.5. tachycardia
20.3. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
20.3.1. EDU
20.3.1.1. Self Admin
20.3.1.1.1. Grasp the skin between the thumb and forefinger, while injecting the medication (SQ)
20.3.1.1.2. Alternate the injection sites between the side of the abdomen
20.3.1.1.3. Insert the entire length of the needle into the skin during injection
21. MENTAL HEALTH
21.1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
21.1.1. Fluoxetine
21.1.1.1. AE
21.1.1.1.1. Muscle twitching
21.1.1.1.2. Sexual dysfunction
21.1.1.1.3. CNS
21.1.1.1.4. Agitation
21.1.1.1.5. euphoria
21.1.1.2. Teaching
21.1.1.2.1. I should take acetaminophen instead of ibuprofen for my headaches while taking this medication
21.1.2. Citalopram
21.1.2.1. Common brands: Celexa
21.1.2.2. AE
21.1.2.2.1. Confusion
21.1.3. Paroxetine
21.1.3.1. AE
21.1.3.1.1. Drowsiness
21.2. Lithium
21.2.1. Used for mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia.
21.2.2. discontinue
21.2.2.1. Ibuprofen
21.2.2.1.1. NSAIDs, such as naproxen and ibuprofen, increase renal reabsorption of sodium and lithium, which causes an increase in lithium levels and possible toxicity.
21.2.3. EDU
21.2.3.1. Vomiting or diarrhea can cause electrolyte imbalances.
21.2.3.1.1. Sodium
21.2.3.2. Diuretics
21.2.3.2.1. Diuretics decrease kidney excretion of lithium, which causes lithium levels to rise and increases the potential for toxicity.
21.3. Amitriptyline
21.3.1. AE
21.3.1.1. Dry mouth
21.3.2. EDU
21.3.2.1. Amitriptyline is Tricyclic and should be avoided especially during 1st trimester because associated with fetal abnormalities
21.4. Donepezil
21.4.1. Alzheimer's disease
21.4.2. AE
21.4.2.1. Dyspnea
21.5. Haloperidol
21.5.1. AE
21.5.1.1. Akathisia
21.6. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
21.6.1. A rare reaction to antipsychotic drugs
21.6.2. S/S
21.6.2.1. Fever
21.6.2.2. respiratory distress
21.6.2.3. diaphoresis
21.6.2.4. hyper and hypotension
21.6.2.5. incontinence
21.6.2.6. tachycardia
21.6.2.7. severe muscle rigidity
21.7. Clozapine
21.7.1. report to the provider immediately?
21.7.1.1. LDL 220 mg/dL
21.7.1.1.1. LDL should be < 130
21.7.1.1.2. Monitor cholesterol triglycerides and blood glucose if weight gain is more than 14 kg (30 lbs.)
21.8. Lorazepam
21.8.1. Brand name: Ativan
21.8.2. Nurse Monitor
21.8.2.1. Sedation
21.8.2.1.1. Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine with anti-anxiety and sedative effects.
21.9. Buspirone
21.9.1. Delayed onset of action
21.10. Diazepam
21.10.1. Avoid alcohol
21.11. Phenelzine
21.11.1. Phenelzine, an MAOI, is an antidepressant.
21.11.2. This medication interacts with a variety of foods to produce a hypertensive crisis.
21.11.2.1. Beef steak and other meats that are fresh do not interact with phenelzine and are safe to consume.
22. Cancer
22.1. Oprelvekin
22.1.1. Used to stimulate the bone marrow to produce platelets in order to prevent low platelets that may be caused by chemotherapy.
22.1.2. May be given to decrease the need for platelet transfusions
22.1.3. Indicate the effectiveness of the therapy?
22.1.3.1. Increased platelet count
22.2. Tamoxifen
22.2.1. AE
22.2.1.1. Hot flashes
22.2.2. for the treatment of breast cancer
22.3. Methotrexate
22.3.1. Chemotherapy and Immunosuppressive drug
22.3.2. It can treat cancer of the blood, bone, lung, breast, head, and neck. It can also treat rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
22.3.3. Monitor and report:
22.3.3.1. Fever
22.3.4. Labs
22.3.4.1. BUN
22.3.4.1.1. Can cause kidney injury.
22.3.4.2. Platelets
22.3.4.2.1. Can cause thrombocytopenia.
22.3.4.3. HgB
22.3.4.3.1. Can cause bone marrow suppression.
22.3.4.4. AST
22.3.4.4.1. Can cause liver damage.
22.4. Filgrastim
22.4.1. nurse should monitor for an increase in which of the following types of cells to determine the effectiveness of the medication?
22.4.1.1. Granulocytes
22.4.1.1.1. neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, aka white blood cells.
22.4.1.1.2. Filgrastim stimulates the bone marrow to produce neutrophils. For clients receiving chemotherapy, the risk of infection is minimized.
22.4.2. Decreases the risk of infection in clients who have neutropenia from cancer.
22.4.2.1. Monitor CBC twice per week.
22.5. Fluorouracil
22.5.1. Antimetabolite antineoplastic agent
22.6. WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain management
22.6.1. Oxycodone
22.6.1.1. An oral opioid that relieves moderate to moderately severe pain
23. WOMEN'S HEALTH
23.1. Folic Acid
23.1.1. start taking before becoming pregnant
23.1.1.1. prevents neural tube defects
23.2. Betamethasone
23.2.1. The nurse understands the medication was effective when she observes which of the following?
23.2.1.1. The newborn has normal respiratory patterns
23.2.2. EDU
23.2.2.1. Patients taking beclomethasone should up their intake of what to minimize bone loss?
23.2.2.1.1. Vitamin D and calcium
23.2.3. Premature ROM in labor
23.3. Magnesium sulfate
23.3.1. Use
23.3.1.1. for preterm labor
23.3.2. Magnesium toxicity
23.3.2.1. Decreased level of consciousness
23.4. Tamoxifen
23.4.1. Estrogen modulator
23.4.2. It can treat breast cancer. It may also prevent breast cancer in women at high risk of developing it.
23.4.3. AE
23.4.3.1. Hot flashes
23.5. Ferrous sulfate
23.5.1. EDU
23.5.1.1. “Call your provider if you begin to bruise easily”
23.5.2. Used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia
23.6. Oxytocin (Pitocin)
23.6.1. nonreassuring FHR
23.6.1.1. Turn the client on the left side
23.6.2. Administration
23.6.2.1. administered via IV infusion when used for labor induction.
23.6.2.1.1. Effective uterine contractions should occur every 2 to 3 min.
23.6.2.1.2. The goal during oxytocin therapy is for the client to experience contractions that last from 45 to 60 seconds.
23.6.2.2. Can be administered IM to decrease postpartum bleeding.
23.7. Contraceptives
23.7.1. Carbamazepine
23.7.1.1. causes an accelerated inactivation of oral contraceptives because of its action on hepatic medication-metabolizing enzymes.
23.8. Nifedipine (adalat)
23.8.1. suppresses uterine contractions by doing what?
23.8.1.1. blocking calcium channels
24. NERVOUS SYSTEM
24.1. Methylprednisolone
24.1.1. Common brands:
24.1.1.1. Depo-Medrol, Medrol, Solu-Medrol
24.1.2. Teaching
24.1.2.1. Blood glucose
24.1.2.2. Avoid contact
24.1.2.3. Grapefruit juice
24.1.3. Steroid
24.1.3.1. It can treat inflammation, severe allergies, flares of chronic illnesses, and many other medical problems.
24.2. Phenytoin
24.2.1. EDU
24.2.1.1. “I should take my medication with milk to minimize gastric upset”
24.2.2. Anticonvulsant
24.2.2.1. It can treat and prevent seizures
24.2.3. Report
24.2.3.1. Cognitive impairment
24.3. Neostigmine
24.3.1. Muscle strengthener
24.3.2. It can treat myasthenia gravis
24.3.3. AE
24.3.3.1. Tachycardia
24.4. Valproic acid
24.4.1. Anticonvulsant
24.4.2. It can treat seizures and bipolar disorder. It can also help prevent migraine headaches
24.4.3. Monitor and report:
24.4.3.1. Muscle pain
24.5. Benzatropine
24.5.1. Anti-Tremor
24.5.2. It can treat Parkinson's disease and side effects of other drugs.
24.5.3. Monitor for
24.5.3.1. Tachycardia
24.6. Atarax Brand name: Vistaril
24.6.1. dry mouth
25. MUSCLE RELAXERS
25.1. Dantrolene
25.1.1. Reconstitute the initial dose with 60 ml of sterile water without a bacteriostatic agent
25.2. Cyclobenzaprine
25.2.1. EDU
25.2.1.1. Taper off the medication before discontinuing it
25.3. Baclofen
25.3.1. therapeutic outcome
25.3.1.1. Decrease in paralysis of the extremities
25.4. Succinylcholine
25.4.1. AE
25.4.1.1. hyperthermia
25.4.1.1.1. Stop succinylcholine
25.4.1.1.2. Give oxygen
25.4.1.1.3. Give cooling measure
25.4.1.1.4. Ice to groin
25.4.1.1.5. Give dantrolene
26. Antithyroid agent
26.1. Propylthiouracil
26.1.1. A thyroid hormone antagonist that decreases the circulating T4 hormone
26.1.1.1. reducing the manifestations of hyperthyroidism.
26.1.1.2. medication has been effective?
26.1.1.2.1. Increase in ability to focus
26.1.1.2.2. More sleep
26.1.1.2.3. Decrease or normal appetite
26.1.2. AE
26.1.2.1. decreased WBC count
26.2. Levothyroxine
26.2.1. After 6 weeks of treatment, the nurse determines that the medication was effective if the
26.2.1.1. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level is 2 microunits/mL
26.2.2. What indicates the need for an increase in dosage?
26.2.2.1. Cold intolerance
26.2.3. AE
26.2.3.1. Acute levothyroxine overdose
26.2.3.1.1. Tachycardia
26.2.3.1.2. Heat intolerance
26.2.3.1.3. Hyperthermia
26.2.3.1.4. Tremor and anxiety
26.2.4. EDU
26.2.4.1. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking calcium within 4 hr of levothyroxine administration.
26.3. Methimazole
26.3.1. Increased sleeping
27. STEROIDS
27.1. Prednisone
27.1.1. Expect to undergo which of the following diagnostic test to monitor long-term complications?
27.1.1.1. Electrocardiograms
27.2. Dexamethasone
27.2.1. Brand name: Decadron
27.2.1.1. More susceptible to developing infection
28. ANEMIA
28.1. cyanocobalamin
28.1.1. vitamin B12
28.1.1.1. helps convert folic acid to active form)
28.1.2. EDU
28.1.2.1. Use a nasal decongestant 15 minutes before the medication if you have a stuffy nose
28.2. Ferrous gluconate (IRON)
28.2.1. Used to treat or prevent iron deficiency anemia
28.2.2. EDU
28.2.2.1. I should stay upright for at least 15 minutes after medication
28.3. INFeD (Iron Dextran Injection USP)
28.3.1. IM
28.3.1.1. What is an appropriate site?
28.3.1.1.1. Vastus Lateralis
29. RENAL
29.1. Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
29.1.1. EDU
29.1.1.1. I will need to take it:
29.1.1.1.1. For the rest of my life
29.1.2. AE
29.1.2.1. HTN
29.1.2.1.1. Half the clients who take cyclosporine develop a 10% to 15% increase in blood pressure and might need to start antihypertensive therapy.
29.2. Epoetin alfa
29.2.1. AE
29.2.1.1. HTN
29.2.1.1.1. Causes HTN, which can lead to stroke or other cardiovascular complications.
30. Herbal Supplements
30.1. saw palmetto
30.1.1. Promote urinary health.
30.1.2. r/t prostatic conditions like BPH