Science and Industrial Advances

1. 2. THE INVENTION OF THE RAILROAD

1.1. First wooden rails.

1.2. Some rails in mines in Europe, transported minerals, moved by men or animals.

1.3. For this reason, the first steam engine was for a coal mine.

1.4. It was made in 1814, George Stephenson for a coal mine.

1.4.1. It opened the first railway line to transport coal from the Stockton mine to the port of Darlington.

2. 3. THE STEAMBOATS

2.1. The transport of large quantities of merchandise was carried out by sea or river in sailboats, until the 19th century.

2.2. Application of steam to navigation.

2.3. Charge of coal occupied most of the first ships.

3. 4. THE EXACT SCIENCES

3.1. XIX, Great advances in Physics, thanks to science.

3.2. Faraday (1791-1867), Ohm (1789-1854) and others studied electricity and magnetism.

3.2.1. F

3.3. Maxwell unified the two phenomena: Electromagnetism.

3.3.1. M

3.4. Existence of Oxygen, conservation law of the Mass. Father of Modern Chemistry (1743-1794), Antoine Lavoisier

3.4.1. A

3.5. All matter is composed by Atoms, John Dalton (1766-1804), in 1803.

3.5.1. J

3.6. Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907), periodic table of elements in 1869.

3.6.1. D

4. S

5. 1. THE RAILWAY CHANGES TO THE WORLD

5.1. The XXI where it all began, allows us to understand the effect of the railroad in the 19th century.

5.2. Remember that the transport, were the animals or in wagons pulled by those animals.

5.2.1. R

5.3. Transportation limited to local or regional.

5.4. Over long distances, things of value protected because the tracks were unsafe.

6. 5. PASTEUR REVOLUTIONIZES MEDICINE:

6.1. In medicine, the greatest revolution was brought by Louis Pasteur.

6.1.1. He discovered the microbes.

6.1.2. He invented one of the most important methods of preventive medicine, the vaccine.

6.1.3. Rabies Vaccine, 1880.

6.1.4. Pasteurization, prevent the spread of diseases.

7. 6. CHARLES DARWIN REVOLUTIONIZES BIOLOGY

7.1. Biological evolution through the natural selection.

7.2. Book: The Origin of Species

7.2.1. E

7.3. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) father of Genetics.

7.3.1. I develop inheritance laws.