1. Context and Choices
1.1. 1. The context may narrow the meaning of the source language item.
1.2. 2. The context may make the meaning more generic, making it possible to use any of several roughly synonymous target language items, thus making the task easier.
1.3. 3. The context may point to using a standard word or phrase, such as a common idiom or cliché.
1.4. 4. The context may contain structures that rule out using some of the possible synonyms or equivalents
1.5. 5. The general context may render some of the possible options inappropriate or “taboo,” as in the case of politically correct speech, gender-neutral language, or in a speech to a specific age group.
1.6. 6. A given institutional context may require the interpreter to follow additional constraints or stylistic preferences.
2. Dealing with Untranslatability
2.1. The expression of an emotion
2.1.1. the best solution, if the context allows, may be for the interpreter to express the emotion associated with the word in his or her voice.
2.2. The title of a person
2.2.1. interpreters can preserve the missing nuance by giving a note of deference to his or her voice.
2.3. An abstraction
2.3.1. It is best to use the specific equivalent meant by the speaker, rather than to generalize the term.
2.4. The name of a cultural institution
2.4.1. the interpreter has to convey the specific features of the institution.
2.5. A technical term
2.5.1. Interpreters need to be aware of recent technical coinages.
2.6. A figure of speech, such as a metaphor
2.6.1. it is just as important to identify an utterance as a figure of speech as it is to understand what it means.
3. Performance Dimension
3.1. One must be careful to distinguish between meaning and words.
3.2. One must bear in mind the time constraints under which the communication takes place.
3.3. One should remember how the content of the communication was created.
4. Translatable
4.1. Simultaneous interpreting techniques
4.1.1. 1. An interpreter should exercise sound editorial judgment in deciding what must be fully conveyed and what can be safely edited
4.1.2. 2. A simultaneous interpreter should strive to convey 100% of the speaker’s meaning by focusing on the main ideas.