1. Phase Change
1.1. change one state to another
1.2. 2 types of change
1.2.1. Add Heat
1.2.1.1. Melting
1.2.1.1.1. solid ➡️ liquid
1.2.1.2. Evaporation
1.2.1.2.1. liquid ➡️ gas
1.2.2. Remove Heat
1.2.2.1. Condensation
1.2.2.1.1. gas ➡️ liquid
1.2.2.2. Freezing
1.2.2.2.1. liquid ➡️ solid
1.3. Directly transformed
1.3.1. Sublimation
1.3.1.1. Solid ➡️ Gas
1.3.1.2. e.g., Ice➡️ carbon dioxide
1.3.2. Deposition
1.3.2.1. Gas ➡️ Solid
1.3.2.2. e.g., cold weather, air ➡️ ice crystals
1.3.2.3. e.g., cold weather, air ➡️ ice crystals
1.4. Thermal Energy
1.4.1. Adding
1.4.1.1. Heating
1.4.1.1.1. solid ➡️ liquid
1.4.1.1.2. Liquid ➡️ gas
1.4.2. Removing
1.4.2.1. Cooling
1.4.2.1.1. Gas ➡️ liquid
1.4.2.1.2. Liquid ➡️ solid
2. Properties
2.1. Physical
2.1.1. Qualitative
2.1.1.1. Color
2.1.1.2. Odor
2.1.1.3. Taste
2.1.1.4. Sound
2.1.1.5. Hardness
2.1.1.6. Texture
2.1.1.7. Flexibility
2.1.2. Quantitative
2.1.2.1. Mass
2.1.2.2. Size and Shape
2.1.2.3. Density
2.1.2.4. Temperature
2.1.2.5. Conductivity
2.1.2.6. Magnetism
2.1.2.7. Solubility
2.1.2.8. Viscosity
2.1.2.9. Boiling point
2.1.2.9.1. Condensation point
2.1.2.10. Melting point
2.1.2.10.1. Freezing point
2.2. Chemical
2.2.1. Reactivity
2.2.2. Corrosion
2.2.3. Toxicity
2.2.4. Flammability
2.2.5. Combustibilty
2.2.6. Radioactivity
2.2.7. PH
3. The States of Matter
3.1. Solid
3.1.1. Composed tightly
3.1.1.1. can’t move around
3.1.1.2. able vibrate
3.1.2. Has Shape & volume
3.1.3. e.g., Ice, Pencil
3.2. Liquid
3.2.1. Composed loosely
3.2.1.1. Some space
3.2.1.1.1. can slightly move around
3.2.2. Have volume/ no definite shape
3.2.2.1. shape their container.
3.2.3. e.g., Water, Alcohol
3.3. Gas
3.3.1. Composed Very loosely
3.3.1.1. Lots of space
3.3.1.1.1. Constantly moving around
3.3.2. No definite shape & volume
3.3.2.1. shape their container.
3.3.2.2. volume their container.
3.3.3. e.g., Water Vapor, Oxygen
3.4. Plasma
3.4.1. 4th states
3.4.2. Common in the Universe, not commonly found in Earth
3.4.2.1. but can be found both naturally and manmade.
3.4.2.2. found the space between planets, solar systems and galaxies.
3.4.2.2.1. e.g., Stars, our Sun
3.4.3. More like a Gas
3.4.4. The temperature ⬆️, electrons “torn off”
3.4.4.1. Positively charged atoms
3.4.4.2. Negatively charged electrons
4. Definition of Matter
4.1. make by atoms
4.1.1. different atoms = different substances /materials
4.2. all around you
4.2.1. air you breahe
4.2.2. things you touch & see
4.2.3. take up space & mass
4.3. Energy is NOT matter
4.3.1. Energy don't have mass & volume
4.3.2. e.g., light, heat, electricity, sound