1. Methodology
1.1. Research Design
1.2. survey
1.2.1. questionnaire: Likert Scale
1.2.2. Details of the scores
1.2.3. Research attenders: undergraduates and graduate students
1.3. interview
1.3.1. Pilot test
2. Findings and Discussion
2.1. ANOVA: Blended highest value
2.2. Mean test: Blended highest value
2.3. The Blended is the most effective
2.3.1. Learners get an instant response
2.3.2. integration of both Online and Offline
2.3.3. Learners have multiple ways of interaction
2.3.4. Learners have a better relationship with the instructor
2.4. The offline is the best method for knowledge acquisition
2.4.1. Learners can have face-to-face interaction
2.4.2. Learners get pressure from both lecturer and peers
2.4.3. Learners have less motivation
2.4.4. Learners do not have the chance to apply what they get from the course to their life as a student
2.4.5. Learners get in-depth learning material and long course duration (EMPHASIZE)
2.5. Online Learning method is the least effective in learning compared to offline and blended learning （EMPHASIZE)
2.5.1. Simpler Material and Lesser Content
2.5.2. Learners are not getting instant response
2.5.3. Learners have limited interaction and interaction options
2.5.4. Learners do not have an interpersonal relationship with instructor
2.5.5. Learning is constrained to online facilities only
2.5.6. Learners are easily distracted
2.6. Online Learning best means to change learners' behavior
2.6.1. Material is simpler and content is lesser
2.6.2. Learners get flexible learning condition
2.6.3. Learners feel less pressure
2.6.4. Learners are self-motivated （EMPHASIZE)
3. Abstract
3.1. Background or purpose: By comparing three different modes to investigate learning effectiveness relating to creativity and creative problem-solving.
3.2. Methodology and results: questionnaires and significant differences with factors revealed
3.3. Conclusions and value: contributes to the existing knowledge
4. Introduction
4.1. off-line learning
4.2. online learning
4.3. Literature: evaluate the learning effectiveness of creativity and creative problem-solving training
4.4. comparion of the learning effectiveness in 3 settings
4.5. Structure
5. Literature review
5.1. Offline, Online, and Blended Learning
5.1.1. online learning benefits process and outcome
5.1.2. Online learning benefits the orgarnization
5.1.3. Disadvantage of online learning
5.1.4. The learning modalities that exist
5.1.5. blended benefits process and outcome
5.1.6. Disadvantage of blended
5.2. Perception and Performance Based Evaluation
5.2.1. WAYS: performance-based learning assessment and the perception-based learning assessment
5.3. Measuring Learning Effectiveness
5.3.1. Model
5.3.1.1. Reaction by SERVQUAL model (satisfaction)
5.3.1.2. Care and attention by Kirkpatrick (Learning)
5.3.1.3. Behavior by Kirkpatrick
5.3.1.4. Result by Kirkpatrick (ROI)