1. Communication Flows
1.1. Upward communication
1.2. Horizontal communication
1.3. Diagonal communication
2. Communication Networks
2.1. Formal communication network
2.1.1. Formal communication follows practices shaped by hierarchy, technology systems, and official policy.
2.1.2. Formal communication usually involves documentation, while informal communication usually leaves no recorded trace for others to find or share.
2.1.3. Formal communications in traditional organizations are frequently “one-way”: They are initiated by management and received by employees.
2.1.4. Formal Communication content is perceived as authoritative because it originates from the highest levels of the company.
2.2. Informal communication network
2.2.1. Informal communication occurs in any direction and takes place between individuals of different status and roles.
2.2.2. Informal communication frequently crosses boundaries within an organization and is commonly separate from work flows.
2.2.3. Informal communication occurs outside an organization’s established channels for conveying messages and transmitting information.