1. Polariod
2. Hieroglyphics
2.1. Meaning of Hieroglyphics?
2.1.1. Two Greek words “Hiero” means sacred and “Glyphic” means engraving or writing
2.2. Hieroglyphics?
2.2.1. Its a formal writing containing combination of logographic and alphabetic elements
2.3. Rosetta Stone?
2.3.1. Its a stone thats has three different languages on it which was:Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Demotic, Greek
2.4. Rosetta Stone
3. Egyptians
3.1. Why is it Important to Keep the Records and to Communicate?
3.1.1. To communicate information about religion and government.
3.2. Who were Scribes and Why?
3.2.1. MIlitary leaders: To communicate while in battle.
3.2.2. Priests:To read and write instructions on the walls and on papyrus for rituals
3.3. Who invaded Egypt in 1798?
3.3.1. Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France
3.4. Egypt
4. The Books
4.1. Scrolls
4.1.1. How were scrolls made?
4.1.1.1. 1) With a long continuous piece of papyrus
4.1.1.2. 2) Separate sheets glued together at the edges
4.1.2. Drawbacks?
4.1.2.1. They only allowed for sequential usage which is the reader must read the text in the order it was written
4.2. Codex
4.2.1. Codex?
4.2.1.1. Covered and bound collection of hand written pages
4.2.2. What are the advantages of a codex versus a scroll?
4.2.2.1. Its compactness, sturdiness and ease of reference
4.3. Parchment
4.3.1. Parchment?
4.3.1.1. A substrate made from animal skin such as sheep, goats, and cows
4.3.2. How were Parchments made?
4.3.2.1. Hair and far removed and skin was smoothed out the hide was soaked in water. Calcium, flour and salt were added. Then they stretched out and dried
4.4. Vellum
4.4.1. Vellum?
4.4.1.1. A finer quality of parchment made from skins and young calves
4.5. Illuminated Manuscript
4.5.1. Illuminated manuscript?
4.5.1.1. They wrote all text by hand but also adorned each page with elaborate illusions and ornamentation
4.5.2. What does “illumination” refer to?
4.5.2.1. The borders, illustrations and ornamentation added to each page of text
5. Linotype Machine
5.1. What led Clephane to the inventions of the typewriter and the Linotype machine?
5.1.1. Wanted to find an easier way to transcribe his notes and legal briefs and to produce multiple copies
5.2. What did the Linotype machine allow to do?
5.2.1. Allowed type to be set mechanically rather than by hand
5.3. Where was the first Linotype machine installed?
5.3.1. In the Printing office in The New York Tribune in July 1886
5.4. Linotype Keyboard
5.4.1. White Keys
5.4.1.1. Uppercases
5.4.2. Black Keys
5.4.2.1. Lowercases
5.4.3. Blue Keys
5.4.3.1. Punctuation, digits, small capital letters and fixed width spaces
6. Photography
6.1. Camera Obscura?
6.1.1. Dark Chamber, It;s an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen
6.2. Where does the word "Photography" come from?
6.2.1. Derived from the Greek words for light and writing
6.3. Joseph Niepce?
6.3.1. Created the first successful photograph in 1827
6.4. Louis Daguerre
6.4.1. invented the first practical photographic process
6.4.2. The name of the progress is called Daguerreotype
6.5. William Fox Talbot
6.5.1. invented the Calotype process
6.6. Wet Collodion Process, or the Wet Plate Process?
6.6.1. The glass plates were coated with collodion, a colorless syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in ether
6.7. Dry plate negative
6.7.1. Invented by Richard Maddox
6.7.2. Used gelatin for the photographic plate
6.7.3. Gelatin?
6.7.3.1. Colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissue
6.8. George Eastman
6.8.1. Made Eastman Kodak Company
6.8.2. Also made A camera called “Brownie” a $1 worth for the public
6.8.2.1. Brownie
6.9. Zoopraxiscope?
6.9.1. A device used to project a series of images in successive phases of motion
6.10. The first color photograph was done by a Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell
6.11. Edwin Land invented the Instant Photographs
7. Computer mouse
8. Painting of a bull
9. Phonetic Alphabet
10. Cuneiform
11. Cave Painiting
11.1. Cave Painting?
11.1.1. A beautiful,detailed, colorful representation found inside cave walls and ceilings
11.2. What did they draw?
11.2.1. They usually drew Large animals, tracings of human hands,abstract pattern
11.3. Why did they create cave painting?
11.3.1. 1.To tell stories or recount events that already happened
11.3.2. 2.As instructional visual aid to help teach about hunting techniques
11.3.3. 3. For magical or religious reasons that if an image of a desired event was painted it might come true
11.4. What did they use to draw?
11.4.1. The paints were made of:Water, Plant juice, Animal blood, Soil, Charcoal,Hematite
11.4.2. To make the brush they used:Sticks, Small stones, Leaves, and Animal hair
12. Sumerians / Cuneiform
12.1. Sumerians were the first to create the Cuneiform
12.2. What do we know about the Sumerians?
12.2.1. 1.A theocratic culture ruled by a priest king
12.2.2. 2.Skilled artisans who created vases, bowls, and other types of pottery
12.2.3. 3.Music seemed to be an important part of their life as well
12.3. Why were Cuneiforms made?
12.3.1. To help keep track of these business transactions
12.4. What did they use to write?
12.4.1. They used Clay tablet to write on
12.4.2. Also used wedge shaped stylus made from reeds to make impressions into the clay surface
12.5. Cuneiforms began to make a series of pictograms
13. Phonetic Alphabet
13.1. Theories for the origin of the Phoenician alphabet?
13.1.1. 1) Direct variation of Hieroglyphics
13.1.2. 2)Ties with Cuneiform or an independent variation
13.2. Long term effects that the alphabet have on social structures of other civilizations?
13.2.1. 1.It was the first wide spread script
13.2.2. 2.Its simplicity allowed it to be used in multiple languages
13.2.3. 3.Disintegrated class divisions between royalty and the common man
13.3. Effects on class divisions?
13.3.1. Disintegrated class divisions between royalty and the common man
13.4. Two distinct styles of lettering that were used?
13.4.1. A rigid, formal script was used for important manuscripts and official documents
13.4.2. A quicker, informal style was used for letters and routine types of writing
13.5. Serif is the Finishing off strokes
13.6. Baseline is the line where most lines seat
13.7. Descender is the portion of a letter that extends below the baseline of the font
14. Gutenberg Press
14.1. Printing press?
14.1.1. Hand Press which the ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable handset letters held within a wooden frame
14.2. Who introduced modern book printing?
14.2.1. Johannes Gutenberg
14.3. What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way to produce books?
14.3.1. By going with his dad to work and his love of reading motivated him
14.4. Mmoveable type?
14.4.1. the system of printing that uses moveable components to reproduce the elements of a document( individual letters and punctuations)
14.5. Matrix?
14.5.1. Hard metal punch is hammered into a softer copper bar
14.6. First book to be printed?
14.6.1. Bible
14.7. How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
14.7.1. 1.Perfected script and made it easier to read
14.7.2. 2. Books were made more rapidly
14.7.3. 3. Current information could be shared locally and around the world
14.7.4. 4. Cost decreased allowing more people to buy them
14.7.5. 5. Demand grew.Population became more literate
14.7.6. 6. Readers wanted books written in their own languages and a greater variety
14.7.7. 7. Book trade began to flourish as well as industries such as papermaking
14.7.8. 8.Economics became stronger
14.7.9. 9. Art and Science began to flourish which led to the beginning of the Renaissance
14.8. What are the four major printing process still utilized today?
14.8.1. 1.Relief Printing
14.8.2. 2.Intaglio
14.8.3. 3.Porous
14.8.4. 4.Lithography
15. Computer
15.1. Mark series of computers?
15.1.1. Designed by Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper
15.2. IBM?
15.2.1. International Business machine
15.3. Computer mouse?
15.3.1. Designed by Douglas Engelbart
15.3.2. Why was this tool nicknamed the mouse?
15.3.2.1. Because of the wire connected to the computer.
15.4. Arpanet?
15.4.1. The first computer
15.4.2. Why was it developed?
15.4.2.1. To protect the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers
15.5. Intel 4004?
15.5.1. The first single chip microprocessor
15.5.2. Developed by Intel
15.6. Floppy Disk?
15.6.1. Also called Memory Disk
15.6.2. Introduced by IBM
15.7. MS-DOS?
15.7.1. Introduced by Bill Gates and Microsoft
15.7.2. It is a Computer operating system which was packaged with the IBM PC
15.8. PC?
15.8.1. Personal Computer
15.9. GUI?
15.9.1. Graphical user interface
15.9.2. The first computer that had GUI was the LIsa Computer, introduced by Apple
15.9.3. The first GUI was made by Xerox