1. ENDOTHELIAL ACTIVATION
1.1. CELL JUNCTION
1.2. ADHESION MOLECULES
1.3. CONTRACTION
1.4. RELEASE OF MEDIATORS
2. CLASSIFICATION
2.1. TEMPORAL FEATURES
2.1.1. ACUTE
2.1.1.1. COMPONENTS
2.1.1.1.1. Usually sequece of
2.1.1.2. SYMPTOMS & SIGNS
2.1.1.2.1. Local symptomatology (CADINAL SIGNS)
2.1.1.2.2. Systemic symptomatology (ACUTE PHASE REACTION)
2.1.1.3. OUTCOMES
2.1.1.3.1. ELIMINATION
2.1.1.3.2. CHRONICITY
2.1.2. CHRONIC
2.1.2.1. COMPONENTS
2.1.2.1.1. Concomittant presence of
2.1.2.2. SYSTEMIC SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
2.1.2.2.1. SUBFEBRILITY
2.1.2.2.2. WEIGHT LOSS
2.1.2.2.3. ANEMIA
2.2. PREDOMINANT PROCESS/ MORPHOLOGIC PATTERN
2.2.1. ALTERATIVE -> necrosis
2.2.1.1. TYPICAL CAUSED BY TOXINS, ENZYMES, VIRUSES - non-specific nectotising lesions
2.2.1.2. GANGRENOUS
2.2.1.2.1. TYPES
2.2.1.2.2. COMPLICATIONS
2.2.2. EXUDATIVE -> exudate
2.2.2.1. ROLE
2.2.2.1.1. DILUTION OF HARMFUL AGENTS
2.2.2.1.2. DELIVERY OF CELLS AND MEDIATORS
2.2.2.2. TYPES
2.2.2.2.1. SEROUS
2.2.2.2.2. FIBRINOUS
2.2.2.2.3. SUPPURATIVE/PURULENT
2.2.2.2.4. HAEMORRHAGIC
2.2.2.2.5. COMBINATIONS -> VERY COMMON
2.2.3. PROLIFERATIVE -> proliferation
2.2.3.1. REACTIVE PROLIFERATION OF TISSUE CELLS
2.2.3.2. REACTIVE PROLIFERATION OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS
2.2.3.3. GRANULATION TISSUE-> SCARRING
2.2.3.4. GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION
2.2.3.4.1. FORMATION OF GRANULOMAS
2.3. HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES
2.3.1. NON-SPECIFIC
2.3.2. SPECIFIC
2.4. CAUSATIVE AGENT
2.4.1. ASEPTIC
2.4.2. SEPTIC
3. GENERAL FEATURES
3.1. RESPONSE OF TISSUES TO INJURY/INFECTION
3.2. GOAL
3.2.1. ELIMINATE/SEPARATE NOXIOUS AGENTS
3.2.2. REMOVE NECROTIC TISSUE & INITIATE REPAIR
3.3. COURSE AND MORPHOLOGY DEPENDS ON
3.3.1. INJOURIOUS FACTOR
3.3.2. EXTENT OF DAMAGE
3.3.3. LOCATION/MICROENVIRONMENT
3.4. PHASES
3.4.1. INITIATION
3.4.1.1. pathogen/dead tissue components (PAMP/DAMP) recognized by patter recognition receptors (PRRs)
3.4.2. ACCELERATION
3.4.2.1. release of mediators and cell recruitment
3.4.3. ELIMINATION
3.4.4. TERMINATION
3.4.4.1. a coordinated and active process aimed at restoration of tissue integrity and function
4. CELLS & MEDIATORS
4.1. MEDIATORS (Robbins, 9th ed)
4.1.1. cytokines
4.1.2. Reactive oxygen species/ROS
4.1.2.1. ROS generation
4.1.3. complement
4.1.3.1. complement
4.1.3.1.1. complement
4.2. INFLAMMATORY CELLS
4.2.1. LYMPHOCYTES
4.2.1.1. EOSINOPHILS
4.2.1.1.1. MACROPHAGES