Psychoanalitic Personalities Theories

1. **Harry Stack Sulivan - Interpersonal Theory**

1.1. **Main Concept:** Kepribadian dibentuk dan dipertahankan melalui pola hubungan interpersonal dan kebutuhan akan keamanan.

1.2. **Structure of Personality:** Self-System: Good Me, Bad Me, Not Me. Dynamism and Personifications.

1.3. **Dynamics:** Motives: Satisfaction vs. Security. Anxiety and Security Operations

1.4. **Stages of Developmental**: Infancy - Childhood - Juvenile - Preadolescence - Early Adolescence - Late Adolescence - Adulthood

1.5. **Cognitive Modes:** Protaxic, Parataxic, Syntaxic.

1.6. **Unique Contributions:** Intimacy as health, Chum stage, Selective inattention.

2. **Henry Murray - Personology Theory**

2.1. **Main Concept:** Kepribadian adalah hasil interaksi dinamis antara kebutuhan (needs) dan tekanan lingkungan (press).

2.2. **Structure of Personality:** Id, Ego, Superego. Needs (viscreogenic and psychogenic), Press (Alpha vs. Beta)

2.3. **Stages of Developmental:** Claustral, Oral, Anal, Urethral, Genital

2.4. **Dynamic:** Thema = Pola Interaksi Needs + Press

2.5. **Assesment Tool:** Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

2.6. **Unique Contributions:** 20 Psychogenis Needs, Unity Thema

3. **Erich Fromm - Psychoanalytic Humanism**

3.1. **Main Concept:** Kesehatan mental datang dari hubungan otentik dan aktualisasi kebebasan yang bertanggung jawab

3.2. **Structure of Personality:** Productive vs. Nonproductive Characters, Biophilous vs. Necrophilous

3.3. **Dynamics:** Escape from Freedom: authoritarianism, destructiveness, conformity. Childhood and Family Dynamics: Parent-Child Relationship (ideal), Symbiotic Families (terlalu dikekang, perkembangan anak terhambat), Withdrawing Families (terlalu bebas, anak tidak ada arah).

3.4. **Existential Needs:** Relatedness, Transcendence, Rootedness, Identity, Unity

3.5. **Unique Contributions:** Humanistic Communitarian Socialism, Mature Freedoom = freedom + love + responsibility

4. **Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalitic Theory**

4.1. **Main Concepts** : Perilaku didorong oleh konflik bawah sadar antara id, ego, dan superego.

4.2. **Structure of Personality** : Id (pleasure principle), Ego (reality principle), dan Superego (morality).

4.3. **Dynamics **: Anxiety (kecemasan), Defense Mechanism: Repression, Projection, Displacement, Rationalization, Denial, Regression, Reaction Formation.

4.4. **Stages of Development;** Psychosexual Stages of Development: 1. Oral Stage (0-18 month), 2. Anal Stage (18-36 month), 3.Phalic Stage (3-6 y.o), 4. Latency Stage (6-11 y.o), 4. Genital Stage (12+ y.o)

4.5. **Unique Contributions:** Unconscious mind, Dream Analysis, Free Association.

5. **Alfred Adler - Individual Psychology**

5.1. **Main Concept:** Manusia termotivasi untuk mengatasi inferioritas dan mencapai keunggulan pribadi melalui interaksi sosial.

5.1.1. Striving for Superiority

5.1.2. Subjective Perceptions

5.1.3. Unity of Personality

5.1.4. Social Interest

5.1.5. Style of Life

5.1.6. Creative Power

5.2. **Structure of Personality:** Style of Life, Unity of Personality, Creative Self.

5.3. **Dynamics:** Striving for Superiority, Inferiority Complex, Social Interest.

5.4. **Self-Protective Mechanism**: Rationalization, Aggression, Withdrawal, Masculine Protest.

5.5. **Unique Contributions:** Birth Order, Abnormal Behavior leading by external factors (exaggerated physical weakness, spoiledlifestyle, rejected lifestyle), Optimisme terhadap Manusia,

6. **Carl Jung - Analytical Psychology**

6.1. **Main Concept:** Kepribadian berkembang melalui proses individuasi dan integrasi antara sadar dan tak sadar, termasuk simbol arketipe universal.

6.2. **Structure of Personality:** Ego (conscious mind), Personal Unconscious (forgotten experiences), Collective Unconscious (shared, inherited memory).

6.3. **Archetypes:** Persona, Shadow, Anima/Animus, Hero, Self

6.4. **Dynamics:** Psychic Energy (opposition, equivalence, entropy), Individuation (self-realization)

6.5. **Stages of Development:** Childhood - Youth - Midlife - Old Age

6.6. **Unique Contributions:** 8 Psycological Types: Introvert/Extravert x Thinking/Feeling/Sensing/Intuiting. Jungian Assesment Techniques by word association, dream analysis, active imagination, diaogue between conscious and unconscious.

7. **Karen Horney - Psychoanalytic Social Theory**

7.1. **Main Concept:** Kecemasan dasar dari hubungan masa kecil yang buruk menyebabkan kebutuhan neurotik dan strategi bertahan ekstrem. Fokus pada pengaruh sosial dan budaya dalam kepribadian

7.2. **Structure of Personality: ** Real vs. Idealized Self, Self hatred.

7.3. **Dynamics:** Basic Anxiety, Neurotic Needs (ada 10)

7.4. **3 Interpersonal Coping Strategies:** Moving toward people (affection, approval, dominant partner), Moving against people (power, exploitation), Moving away from people (independence, isolation).

7.5. **Unique Contributions:** Feminine Psychology, critized freud's concept of penos envy and proposed "womb envy". The psychotherapy; Encourage real self-acceptance and spontaneous growth. Involves self-analysis, emotional awareness, and breaking neurotic patterns.

8. **Erikson - Psychosocial Theory**

8.1. **Main Concept:** Perkembangan kepribadian adalah hasil dari penyelesaian krisis psikososial sepanjang masa hidup.

8.2. **Structure of Personality:** Ego Identity

8.3. **Stages of Development:** Trust vs. Mistrust → Hope Autonomy vs. Shame → Will Initiative vs. Guilt → Purpose Industry vs. Inferiority → Competence Identity vs. Role Confusion → Fidelity Intimacy vs. Isolation → Love Generativity vs. Stagnation → Care Ego Integrity vs. Despair → Wisdom

8.4. **Dynamics:** Basic Strengths(the virtue), Basic weakness

8.5. **Unique Contributions:** Lifespan Development, Social and Cultural Context of Identity