Morgan Yu Research Map Assignment: Music Therapy for Students with ADHD in Mathematics Learning

1. Math Performance: Literature Review

1.1. Evidence on music interventions for ADHD in math performance (Tertiary Idea-Ex: studies on grade 3-5 students) Questions: What does existing research show about the effect of music therapy on K–5 students’ math accuracy and speed? What types of music interventions have been most effective in improving math accuracy and speed in grade 3-5

1.1.1. short-term vs long-term effects on math outcomes (Tertiary Idea-Ex: immediate quiz results vs semester-long retention) Questions: Are improvements in math performance observed immediately after music interventions, and are they maintained over a semester or school year?

1.1.1.1. Emotional regulation & confidence improvements(EX: effect on grades 3-5 students' math confidence) Question: Does music therapy increase confidence and emotional regulation during math tasks for grades 3-5?

1.2. Types of music interventions (background vs structured)

1.2.1. Background Music(passive listening) : improve focus, mood, attention Questions: Does listening to classical or lo-fi music while solving math problems improve attention and reduce distraction in grades 3–5? Does background music improve focus or mood and reduce distraction for grades 3-5 students?

1.2.1.1. Structured Music(active participation): Support math learning ex. songs, rhythm, drumming(Tertiary Idea-Ex:singing multiplication songs, clapping patterns to learn math facts, grade 3-5 students) Questions: Can singing multiplication songs or clapping rhythmic patterns improve math fact retention for grades 3–5 students? Does active participation improve retention of math facts and problem-solving skills for grades 3-5 students

2. Math Anxiety: Systematic Review

2.1. Evidence for reducing math anxiety(Tertiary Idea-Ex: systematic review of music therapy effects of grade 3-5 students) Questions: How effective are music therapy interventions in lowering math anxiety in grades 3–5 students with ADHD? Which music interventions are most effective for reducing math anxiety in grade3-5 students?

2.2. Types of interventinos: ex.rthymatic,singing, instrumental(Tertiary Idea: grade 3-5 students) Questions: Are rhythmic exercises, singing, or instrumental activities more effective in reducing anxiety? How does participation in music therapy influence students’ confidence and emotional regulation during math tasks?